Gershon T D, Tschann J M, Jemerin J M
Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 1999 Jun;24(6):437-45. doi: 10.1016/s1054-139x(98)00154-2.
To examine perceived stigma, coping, disclosure, and self-esteem among adolescents with lesbian mothers.
Interviews were conducted with 76 adolescents ages 11-18 years. Standardized measures of self-esteem and coping skills were used. A measure of stigma was adapted for this study and a measure of disclosure was developed. The relationship between perceived stigma and self-esteem was examined. General coping skills and level of disclosure about the adolescents' mothers' sexual orientation were assessed as potential moderators of the relationship between perceived stigma and self-esteem.
Adolescents who perceived more stigma had lower self-esteem in five of seven self-esteem areas, compared to those who perceived less stigma. In addition, coping skills moderated the effect of stigma on self-esteem in three self-esteem areas. However, only one subtype of coping skills, that of decision-making coping, was found to moderate the relationship of perceived stigma and self-esteem in such a way that adolescents using more decision-making coping had higher self-esteem in the face of high perceived stigma. For social support coping, in the face of high perceived stigma, the adolescents with more effective coping skills had lower self-esteem. In the face of high perceived stigma, adolescents who disclosed more about their mother's sexual orientation had higher self-esteem in the subscale of close friendship than those who disclosed less.
Results suggest that stigma is related to self-esteem among the adolescent children of lesbian mothers. The results indicate that this relationship is moderated by coping skills. These results have implications for intervention and prevention of stigmatization by the establishment of effective coping skills as well as through educational efforts to eradicate stigmatizing attitudes.
研究有女同性恋母亲的青少年所感受到的耻辱感、应对方式、信息披露情况及自尊水平。
对76名年龄在11至18岁的青少年进行访谈。使用了自尊和应对技能的标准化测量方法。本研究采用了一种耻辱感测量方法，并开发了一种信息披露测量方法。研究了感知到的耻辱感与自尊之间的关系。评估了一般应对技能以及青少年对其母亲性取向的信息披露程度，作为感知到的耻辱感与自尊之间关系的潜在调节因素。
与那些感受到较少耻辱感的青少年相比，在七个自尊领域中的五个领域，感受到更多耻辱感的青少年自尊水平较低。此外，应对技能在三个自尊领域中调节了耻辱感对自尊的影响。然而，仅发现一种应对技能亚型，即决策应对，以这样一种方式调节了感知到的耻辱感与自尊之间的关系：使用更多决策应对方式的青少年在面对高感知耻辱感时具有更高的自尊。对于社会支持应对，在面对高感知耻辱感时，具有更有效应对技能的青少年自尊水平较低。在面对高感知耻辱感时，在亲密友谊子量表中，对其母亲性取向披露更多的青少年比披露较少的青少年自尊水平更高。
结果表明，耻辱感与有女同性恋母亲的青少年的自尊有关。结果表明，这种关系受到应对技能的调节。这些结果对于通过建立有效的应对技能以及通过教育努力消除耻辱态度来干预和预防耻辱感具有启示意义。
