Strollo D C, Rosado-de-Christenson M L
Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA 15213, USA.
J Thorac Imaging. 1999 Jul;14(3):152-71. doi: 10.1097/00005382-199907000-00002.
Thymic neoplasms are a common cause of an anterior mediastinal mass and may be benign or malignant. Thymic cysts are congenital or acquired and may be associated with a thymic malignancy. True thymic hyperplasia and thymic lymphoid hyperplasia may enlarge the thymus and simulate a neoplasm. Thymoma and thymic carcinoma are epithelial malignancies with distinct clinicopathologic features. Thymic carcinoid is a rare aggressive neuroendocrine malignancy associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia 1. Thymolipoma is a benign neoplasm. Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma may primarily or secondarily involve the thymus. Primary mediastinal germ cell tumors may arise primarily within the thymus and include mature teratoma, seminoma, and non-seminomatous malignant germ cell tumors.
胸腺肿瘤是前纵隔肿物的常见病因，可为良性或恶性。胸腺囊肿可为先天性或后天性，可能与胸腺恶性肿瘤相关。真性胸腺增生和胸腺淋巴样增生可使胸腺增大并类似肿瘤。胸腺瘤和胸腺癌是具有独特临床病理特征的上皮性恶性肿瘤。胸腺类癌是一种罕见的侵袭性神经内分泌恶性肿瘤，与多发性内分泌肿瘤1型相关。胸腺脂肪瘤是一种良性肿瘤。霍奇金淋巴瘤和非霍奇金淋巴瘤可原发或继发累及胸腺。原发性纵隔生殖细胞肿瘤可主要起源于胸腺内，包括成熟畸胎瘤、精原细胞瘤和非精原细胞性恶性生殖细胞肿瘤。
