Bergman B, Bergström A, Sjöstrand J
Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Göteborg University, Sweden.
Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1999 Jun;77(3):286-92. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0420.1999.770308.x.
To assess the change in visual acuity (VA) for distance and near and to correlate VA to changes in visual ability in a longitudinal study group followed from 70 to 88 years.
In the population-based study H70 in Gothenburg, Sweden, 958 subjects from the original cohort were eye examined at age 70 and the surviving subjects were reexamined at age 82 (n=203) and at 88 years (n=129). Evaluation of change in visual function between age 82 and 88 was made in 66 subjects who took part in all three eye examinations.
The VA in the subsample (n=66) showed minimal difference compared to the cross-sectional groups. At age 70 nearly 100% of both sexes had VA> or =0.8. At age 82 about 50% and at age 88 about 25% had this VA level. Males retained a slightly better visual acuity compared to women. VA< or =0.3 was found in about 10% at age 82 and in >20% at age 88. Reading ability remained high, but at 82 years 1.6% and at 88 years 10.5% could benefit from adjustment of their near glasses. Visual ability corresponded well to VA at age 82, but not at 88 years. Women lost the ability for most tasks, whereas men showed small changes.
The majority of old people had good distance and near vision. A deterioration in visual acuity did not necessarily mean a negative change in visual ability. This emphasizes the importance of relating objective and subjective findings regarding VA and visual impairment to functional ability of the oldest of the elderly.
在一项对70至88岁人群进行的纵向研究中，评估远视力和近视力的变化，并将视力与视觉能力的变化相关联。
在瑞典哥德堡基于人群的H70研究中，对原始队列中的958名受试者在70岁时进行了眼部检查，存活的受试者在82岁（n = 203）和88岁（n = 129）时再次接受检查。对参与了所有三次眼部检查的66名受试者进行了82岁至88岁之间视觉功能变化的评估。
与横断面组相比，子样本（n = 66）中的视力差异极小。70岁时，几乎100%的男女视力≥0.8。82岁时约50%，88岁时约25%达到这一视力水平。男性的视力略优于女性。82岁时约10%的人视力≤0.3，88岁时超过20%。阅读能力仍然较高，但82岁时1.6%的人以及88岁时10.5%的人可通过调整近用眼镜受益。82岁时视觉能力与视力匹配良好，但88岁时并非如此。女性在大多数任务中丧失了能力，而男性变化较小。
大多数老年人远视力和近视力良好。视力下降不一定意味着视觉能力出现负面变化。这强调了将关于视力和视觉障碍的客观和主观发现与最年长老年人的功能能力相关联的重要性。
