Wang W
Department of Sociology, California State University, Northridge 91330, USA.
J Drug Educ. 1999;29(2):97-114. doi: 10.2190/J28R-FH8R-68A9-L288.
Since the 1980s, China has experienced major changes in its traditional drug use patterns which included mostly tobacco and alcohol use. The introduction of opium, marijuana, heroin, and cocaine is the most noticeable change. In 1995, there were about 520,000 reported drug users in China and the rate of increase was about 200 percent. During the 1990 Strictly Against Illegal Drug Campaign (Yan Da), the Chinese government implemented a compulsory detoxification plan and a Community Drug Rehabilitation Camp strategy to deal with the diverse aspects of the illegal drug control. This article provides an initial evaluation of the community camp approach to drug detoxification and rehabilitation. Open-ended interviewing schedules were given to two samples from two government sponsored rehabilitation community camps in 1994. These interviews reveal that: 1) the social and cultural reorientation of drug addicts is facilitated by an intensive mass media propaganda; 2) there is a mobilization of the health care and social security systems to provide detoxification, rehabilitation, and employment to drug addicts in a relatively short period of time; 3) "recidivist" addicts and drug traffickers are condemned to a long-term incarceration in work camps; and 4) the camp strategy experiences some problems. Results show that in the two community camps, an average of twelve month's training yielded a rehabilitation rate of 80 percent.
自20世纪80年代以来，中国传统的吸毒模式发生了重大变化，以前主要是吸烟和饮酒。鸦片、大麻、海洛因和可卡因的传入是最显著的变化。1995年，中国报告的吸毒者约有52万，增长率约为200%。在1990年的“严打”禁毒运动期间，中国政府实施了强制戒毒计划和社区戒毒营战略，以应对非法毒品管制的各个方面。本文对社区戒毒营的戒毒和康复方法进行了初步评估。1994年，对两个政府资助的戒毒社区营的两个样本进行了开放式访谈。这些访谈显示：1）密集的大众媒体宣传有助于吸毒者进行社会和文化重新定位；2）动员医疗保健和社会保障系统在相对较短的时间内为吸毒者提供戒毒、康复和就业服务；3）“累犯”吸毒者和毒贩被判处长期在劳改营监禁；4）该营战略存在一些问题。结果显示，在这两个社区营中，平均十二个月的培训使康复率达到了80%。
