Mueller N
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1999 Aug 1;21 Suppl 1:S5-10.
Immune-suppressed populations experience higher rates of cancer than expected. The most common malignancies are non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in those with HIV infection, in organ transplant recipients, and in those with primary immune deficiencies; Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in those with HIV infection; and nonmelanoma skin cancer (SC) in transplant patients. These cancers are associated with infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in NHL, human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) in KS, and the human papillomaviruses (HPV) in SC. The strength of the association varies from very strong (HHV-8 in KS) to inconsistent (HPV in SC). In HIV infection, the risk of these cancers increases quite gradually (within a few years in almost all of the primary immune deficiencies), whereas this risk increases quite quickly among transplant recipients. Comparing the patterns of malignancy and immune parameters among these immune-incompetent populations and the general population may elucidate the role of host response in controlling latent oncogenic infections.
免疫抑制人群患癌症的几率高于预期。最常见的恶性肿瘤包括：感染艾滋病毒者、器官移植受者以及原发性免疫缺陷者中的非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）；感染艾滋病毒者中的卡波西肉瘤（KS）；以及移植患者中的非黑色素瘤皮肤癌（SC）。这些癌症分别与NHL中的爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）感染、KS中的人疱疹病毒8型（HHV-8）感染以及SC中的人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染有关。这种关联的强度各不相同，从非常强（KS中的HHV-8）到不一致（SC中的HPV）。在艾滋病毒感染中，这些癌症的风险逐渐增加（几乎在所有原发性免疫缺陷中都是在几年内），而在移植受者中，这种风险增加得相当快。比较这些免疫功能不全人群和普通人群中的恶性肿瘤模式及免疫参数，可能会阐明宿主反应在控制潜伏致癌感染中的作用。
