Chang S H, Yang M S
Kaohsiung Municipal Chinese Medical Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 1999 Jun;15(6):337-47.
The purpose of this study were to investigate the level of loneliness in elderly people and to explore relationships between loneliness and personal attributes, perceived health status and social support. Purposive sampling was used to recruit clients over 65 years of age from an outpatient department of the Municipal hospital and a senior citizen center in Kaohsiung city, and totaled 120 elderly people had participated in this study. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire which included the UCLA Loneliness Scale, Perceived Health Status Scale, and Social Support Scale. The results revealed the following: 1. The mean score was 38.4 (SD 9.6); level of loneliness in elderly people was moderate, and people who were male, uneducated, unsatisfied with living circumstance, unsatisfied with economic situation, and not attending social groups were more likely to have higher scores of loneliness. 2. There was a significantly negative correlation between perceived health status, mental health, health satisfaction, social support, supportive satisfaction and loneliness. 3. The results of multiple regression found that family interactions, attending social groups and supportive satisfaction were the significant predicting variables of loneliness, and "supportive satisfaction" was the most powerful predictor. Results generated from this study may act as references for mental health care for elderly people.
本研究的目的是调查老年人的孤独程度，并探讨孤独与个人属性、感知健康状况和社会支持之间的关系。采用目的抽样法，从高雄市一家市立医院门诊部和一个老年中心招募65岁以上的老年人，共有120名老年人参与了本研究。通过一份结构化问卷收集数据，该问卷包括加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校孤独感量表、感知健康状况量表和社会支持量表。结果如下：1. 平均得分38.4（标准差9.6）；老年人的孤独程度为中等，男性、未受过教育、对生活环境不满意、对经济状况不满意且未参加社会群体的人孤独得分更高。2. 感知健康状况、心理健康、健康满意度、社会支持、支持满意度与孤独感之间存在显著负相关。3. 多元回归结果发现，家庭互动、参加社会群体和支持满意度是孤独感的显著预测变量，“支持满意度”是最有力的预测因素。本研究结果可为老年人心理健康护理提供参考。
