Moss K, Ullman M, Starrett B E, Burris S, Johnsen M C
School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
Psychiatr Serv. 1999 Aug;50(8):1028-35. doi: 10.1176/ps.50.8.1028.
The outcomes of employment discrimination charges filed under the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) by individuals with psychiatric disabilities and those with other disabilities were compared.
Data obtained from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) consisted of all ADA employment claims closed as of March 31, 1998. Charges were categorized by whether they were investigated by the EEOC or by a Fair Employment Practice Agency (FEPA).
Of the 175,226 charges filed, 83.2 percent were closed by March 31, 1998. Of these, 15.7 percent brought some kind of benefit to charging parties, although only 1.7 percent resulted in new hires or reinstatements. Of charges investigated by FEPAs, 23.3 percent led to some benefit, compared with 11.5 percent of charges investigated by the EEOC. Of charges investigated by the EEOC, the median actual monetary benefit was $5,646, compared with $2,400 for charges investigated by FEPAs. A total of 13.6 percent of charges filed by individuals with psychiatric disabilities resulted in benefits, compared with a benefit rate of 16 percent for persons with other disabilities. The median actual monetary benefit received by persons with psychiatric disabilities was $5,000, compared with $3,500 for those with nonpsychiatric disabilities. Individuals whose charges were investigated in the first three years of ADA implementation were more likely to receive benefits than individuals whose charges were investigated more recently.
Most employment discrimination charges filed under the ADA do not result in benefits or a finding of reasonable cause. Outcomes for people with psychiatric disabilities do not differ substantially from those for people with other disabilities.
比较精神疾病患者和其他残疾人士依据《美国残疾人法案》（ADA）提出的就业歧视指控的结果。
从平等就业机会委员会（EEOC）获取的数据包括截至1998年3月31日结案的所有ADA就业索赔。指控按是否由EEOC或公平就业实践机构（FEPA）进行调查分类。
在提出的175,226项指控中，83.2%在1998年3月31日前结案。其中，15.7%给指控方带来了某种好处，尽管只有1.7%导致了新的雇佣或复职。由FEPA调查的指控中，23.3%带来了某种好处，而由EEOC调查的指控这一比例为11.5%。在由EEOC调查的指控中，实际货币利益的中位数为5,646美元，而由FEPA调查的指控为2,400美元。精神疾病患者提出的指控中有13.6%获得了利益，其他残疾人士的获利率为16%。精神疾病患者获得的实际货币利益中位数为5,000美元，非精神疾病患者为3,500美元。在ADA实施的头三年接受调查的指控者比近期接受调查的指控者更有可能获得利益。
依据ADA提出的大多数就业歧视指控并未带来利益或被认定有合理理由。精神疾病患者的结果与其他残疾人士的结果没有实质性差异。
