Young M H, Justice J, Erdberg P
California Department of Mental Health Psychiatric Program-Vacaville, Vacaville, CA 95696, USA.
Assessment. 1999 Sep;6(3):243-58. doi: 10.1177/107319119900600305.
A multimethod approach that included demographic, criminal offense, drug use, neuropsychological, Rorschach, psychiatric diagnosis, and psychopathy characteristics was used to evaluate 131 incarcerated male psychiatric inpatients. Each criminal offense was ranked from nonviolent to severely violent, and participants were classified as having lifetime histories of either high or low violent behavior. Univariate analyses revealed 12 characteristics which independently discriminated inmates with lifetime histories of high or low violent behavior (married, non-Caucasian race, Axis I psychotic diagnosis, drug other than alcohol or marijuana used most, positive for psychopathy on the Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised, scores indicating impairment on the Halstead Impairment Index and Category Test, and five Rorschach measures). Logistic regression revealed that eight of those characteristics (married, non-Caucasian race, Axis I psychotic diagnosis, positive for psychopathy on the Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised, scores indicating impairment on the Halstead Impairment Index, and Rorschach Coping Deficit Index, Personal Responses, and Raw Sum Special Scores) significantly contributed to identifying inmates with lifetime histories of highly violent behavior. Data are provided for sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive power, and overall correct classification rate for neuropsychological and Rorschach measures. Because this sample represented only incarcerated male psychiatric inpatients, and not a general prison population, caution as to limits of generalization are discussed. Implications for use of this information in understanding violent behavior are also discussed.
采用多方法评估131名被监禁的男性精神科住院患者，该方法包括人口统计学、刑事犯罪、药物使用、神经心理学、罗夏墨迹测验、精神科诊断和精神病态特征。每种刑事犯罪从非暴力到严重暴力进行排名，参与者被分类为有高暴力行为或低暴力行为的终生史。单变量分析揭示了12个特征，这些特征能够独立区分有高暴力行为或低暴力行为终生史的囚犯（已婚、非白种人、轴I精神病诊断、使用最多的药物不是酒精或大麻、《哈雷精神病态清单修订版》中精神病态呈阳性、表明在霍尔斯特德损伤指数和类别测验上有损伤的分数，以及五项罗夏墨迹测验指标）。逻辑回归显示，其中八个特征（已婚、非白种人、轴I精神病诊断、《哈雷精神病态清单修订版》中精神病态呈阳性、表明在霍尔斯特德损伤指数上有损伤的分数，以及罗夏墨迹测验应对缺陷指数、个人反应和原始总分特殊分数）对识别有高度暴力行为终生史的囚犯有显著贡献。提供了神经心理学和罗夏墨迹测验指标的敏感性、特异性、阳性和阴性预测能力以及总体正确分类率的数据。由于该样本仅代表被监禁的男性精神科住院患者，而非一般监狱人群，因此讨论了推广的局限性。还讨论了利用这些信息理解暴力行为的意义。
