Masiukiewicz U S, Burrow G N
Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8050, USA.
Thyroid. 1999 Jul;9(7):647-52. doi: 10.1089/thy.1999.9.647.
Hyperthyroidism due to autoimmune Graves' disease is the leading cause of thyrotoxicosis in pregnant women. The peak incidence of the disease is in the second through the fourth decade of life, which encompasses the reproductive years for women. Although menstrual irregularity is frequent in women with mild to moderate hyperthyroidism, convincing evidence that fertility is impaired is lacking. In general, 2 of every 1000 pregnancies have been reported to be complicated by hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism associated with pregnancy may pose a challenging diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. The current review focuses on the discussion of symptomatology and diagnosis of the disease, on therapeutic options available to women presenting with hyperthyroidism during gestation, and on the controversy surrounding maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancies complicated by thyrotoxicosis.
自身免疫性格雷夫斯病所致的甲状腺功能亢进是孕妇甲状腺毒症的主要原因。该病的发病高峰在20至40岁，这正是女性的生育年龄。虽然轻度至中度甲状腺功能亢进的女性月经不规律很常见，但缺乏确凿证据表明生育能力受损。一般来说，据报道每1000次怀孕中有2次会并发甲状腺功能亢进。妊娠合并甲状腺功能亢进可能带来具有挑战性的诊断和治疗难题。本综述重点讨论该病的症状学和诊断、妊娠期甲状腺功能亢进女性可采用的治疗选择，以及甲状腺毒症合并妊娠时围绕母婴结局的争议。
