Macht M
Institute for Psychology (I), University of Würzburg, Germany.
Appetite. 1999 Aug;33(1):129-39. doi: 10.1006/appe.1999.0236.
The influences of emotions on eating were investigated. One-hundred and seven female and 103 male subjects were asked to report how various characteristics of eating could change during the emotions of anger, fear, sadness and joy. Subjects completed a questionnaire of 33 items for each emotion and a food deprivation condition. A factor analysis of the items answered with respect to food deprivation yielded four factors which were labelled hunger, impulsive eating, sensory eating and hedonic eating. ANCOVAs showed main effects of emotions upon each factor. Single comparisons showed that: (1) subjects reported to experience higher levels of hunger during anger and joy than during fear and sadness; (2) impulsive eating and sensory eating were rated higher during anger than during the other emotions; and (3) hedonic eating was rated higher during joy than during the other emotions. Results did not indicate any differential influences upon eating between fear and sadness. Women reported to experience higher tendencies of impulsive eating and sensory eating than men during anger and sadness. Eating scores of negative emotions correlated low and positive with body mass index, low and negative with dietary restraint. The differential effects of emotions on characteristics of eating may be due to differences of the examined emotions in frequency of occurrence, physiological correlates and motivational properties.
研究了情绪对饮食的影响。107名女性和103名男性受试者被要求报告在愤怒、恐惧、悲伤和喜悦情绪期间饮食的各种特征会如何变化。受试者针对每种情绪以及食物剥夺状况完成了一份包含33个条目的问卷。对关于食物剥夺所回答条目的因子分析产生了四个因子，分别被标记为饥饿、冲动性进食、感官性进食和享乐性进食。协方差分析显示情绪对每个因子都有主效应。单因素比较表明：（1）受试者报告称在愤怒和喜悦时比在恐惧和悲伤时经历更高水平的饥饿感；（2）冲动性进食和感官性进食在愤怒时的评分高于其他情绪时；（3）享乐性进食在喜悦时的评分高于其他情绪时。结果未表明恐惧和悲伤对饮食有任何差异影响。女性报告称在愤怒和悲伤时比男性有更高的冲动性进食和感官性进食倾向。负面情绪的饮食得分与体重指数呈低正相关，与饮食抑制呈低负相关。情绪对饮食特征的差异影响可能归因于所研究情绪在发生频率、生理关联和动机属性方面的差异。
