Nakao K, Takaishi J, Tatsuta K, Katayama H, Iwase M, Yorifuji K, Shinosaki K, Takeda M
Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Medical School, Japan.
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1999 Jun;53(3):373-80. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1819.1999.00560.x.
The authors applied cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling to the analyses of 59 patients with personality pathology. Cluster analysis yielded eight typologies of patients: detached, anankastic, phobic, dramatic, erratic, emotional, milder emotional, and masochistic negativistic. Multidimensional scaling identified the dimensions of classifying patients: anxious rumination versus behavioural acting out, overall severity of personality pathology, and assertiveness versus withdrawal. Considering the distinction between personality disorder (dysfunctional personality) and abnormal personality (extreme personality), the following changes in current classification system are proposed: use of a hierarchy and exclusion criteria in a categorical-type model or use of a personality profile in a dimensional-trait model, in either case, with a dimensional rating for severity of psychopathology to define personality 'disorder'.
作者将聚类分析和多维尺度分析应用于59例人格病理学患者的分析。聚类分析产生了八种类别患者：超脱型、强迫型、恐惧型、戏剧型、不稳定型、情绪型、轻度情绪型和受虐否定型。多维尺度分析确定了对患者进行分类的维度：焦虑沉思与行为外化、人格病理学的整体严重程度以及自信与退缩。考虑到人格障碍（功能失调性人格）与异常人格（极端人格）之间的区别，提出了当前分类系统的以下变化：在类别型模型中使用层次结构和排除标准，或在维度特质模型中使用人格概况，在任何一种情况下，都使用心理病理学严重程度的维度评分来定义人格“障碍”。
