Haussmann M F, Lay D C, Buchanan H S, Hopper J G
Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
J Anim Sci. 1999 Aug;77(8):2054-9. doi: 10.2527/1999.7782054x.
The objective of this study was to determine whether administration of an analgesic to sows immediately after farrowing would allow them to lie more restfully. Sows lying on their pigs, causing them to be "crushed," is a major cause of pig mortality. Most deaths due to crushing occur during the first 3 d postpartum. For modern, lean-type sows, farrowing crates are relatively hard and unforgiving, even though they may be equipped with plastic-coated, expanded metal flooring. Indeed, many sows develop pressure sores on their shoulders, and this may contribute to the sows' discomfort. These sores may cause a sow to change position frequently to alleviate pain, thus increasing its chances of crushing pigs. Sixteen production sows were assigned to either a control group (C, n = 8) with litter size 11.71+/-.78 or an experimental group (B, n = 8) with litter size 11.63+/-1.22. Pigs born to C and B sows weighed 1.60+/-.04 and 1.37+/-.04 kg, respectively. The C sows were given no treatment, whereas the B sows were administered an i.m. injection of butorphanol tartrate at a dose of .15 mg/kg BW every 6 h until 3 d after farrowing. Data were collected on all sows using time-lapse photography (1 frame/.4 s) for a 3-d duration upon the initiation of farrowing. To assess the degree of comfort of each sow, body position changes were recorded when sows switched between lying, sitting, and standing. Data were analyzed by 12-h periods using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney equations. During the 72-h period, B sows tended to perform fewer position changes than C sows (P = .10). Specifically, position changes were fewer for B sows from 48 to 72 h postpartum (P<.06). There were no differences in position changes between treatments from 0 to 48 h postpartum (P>.50). There was no difference in the rate of crushing between treatments (C = 5, B = 5). The butorphanol did not seem to affect pig activity or normal behaviors or to create adverse effects, such as diarrhea. Although the sows given butorphanol showed a reduced number of position changes, the dose was intermediate, and a higher dose may have a greater effect. If pig mortality can be decreased, an analgesic protocol that is simple to administer and readily available to producers can be developed. Alternatively, using of more pliable flooring or an increase in sow body fat may allow sows to lie more stationary.
本研究的目的是确定在母猪分娩后立即给予镇痛药是否能使其躺得更安稳。母猪趴在仔猪身上导致仔猪被“压死”是仔猪死亡的主要原因。大多数因被压致死的情况发生在产后的头3天。对于现代瘦肉型母猪来说，分娩栏相对坚硬且不舒适，尽管栏内可能配备了涂有塑料的金属网地板。事实上，许多母猪的肩部会出现褥疮，这可能会加剧母猪的不适。这些褥疮可能会导致母猪频繁变换姿势以减轻疼痛，从而增加其压死仔猪的几率。16头生产母猪被分为对照组（C组，n = 8），平均产仔数为11.71±0.78头，以及实验组（B组，n = 8），平均产仔数为11.63±1.22头。C组和B组母猪所产仔猪的体重分别为1.60±0.04千克和1.37±0.04千克。C组母猪不接受任何处理，而B组母猪在分娩后每6小时肌肉注射一次酒石酸布托啡诺，剂量为0.15毫克/千克体重，直至分娩后3天。从分娩开始后的3天内，使用延时摄影（1帧/0.4秒）对所有母猪收集数据。为了评估每头母猪的舒适程度，记录母猪在躺卧、坐立和站立姿势之间转换时的体位变化。使用Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney方程按12小时时间段对数据进行分析。在72小时期间，B组母猪的体位变化次数往往比C组母猪少（P = 0.10）。具体而言，产后48至72小时B组母猪的体位变化较少（P<0.06）。产后0至48小时，两组之间的体位变化没有差异（P>0.50）。两组之间的压死仔猪率没有差异（C组 = 5头，B组 = 5头）。酒石酸布托啡诺似乎没有影响仔猪的活动或正常行为，也没有产生诸如腹泻等不良影响。虽然接受酒石酸布托啡诺的母猪体位变化次数减少，但该剂量处于中等水平，更高的剂量可能会产生更大的效果。如果能降低仔猪死亡率，就可以制定一种生产者易于实施且随时可用的镇痛方案。或者，使用更柔软的地板或增加母猪体脂可能会使母猪躺得更安稳。
