Research fundamentals VI: misconduct in biomedical research.

The goal of medical research is the acquisition and application of new knowledge for the benefit of individual patients and society as a whole. Achieving this goal requires excellence in scientific methodology, honesty in data collection and interpretation, and realistic assessment of the implications of the findings. Underlying all steps in the acquisition of new knowledge is the absolute need for application of the highest ethical standards for research. Occasionally, ethical principles of research are breached because of lack of understanding or the carelessness of researchers. However, researchers have the obligation to know and apply basic principles of research ethics in order to avoid, prevent, or recognize deviations from ethical scientific behavior. When intentional violations of the principles of ethical research occur, the impact to the scientific and lay community can be profound. Misconduct can be prevented if the ethical principles of research are understood and consistently applied. This paper describes the sources and detection of misconduct in the production of science in order to provide emergency researchers with the knowledge needed to prevent misconduct from occurring at all.