Micheli F
National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA.
Science. 1999 Aug 27;285(5432):1396-1398. doi: 10.1126/science.285.5432.1396.
Anthropogenic nutrient enrichment and fishing influence marine ecosystems worldwide by altering resource availability and food-web structure. Meta-analyses of 47 marine mesocosm experiments manipulating nutrients and consumers, and of time series data of nutrients, plankton, and fishes from 20 natural marine systems, revealed that nutrients generally enhance phytoplankton biomass and carnivores depress herbivore biomass. However, resource and consumer effects attenuate through marine pelagic food webs, resulting in a weak coupling between phytoplankton and herbivores. Despite substantial physical and biological variability in marine pelagic ecosystems, alterations of resource availability and consumers result in general patterns of community change.
人为营养物质富集和捕捞通过改变资源可用性和食物网结构影响着全球海洋生态系统。对47项操纵营养物质和消费者的海洋中尺度实验以及来自20个天然海洋系统的营养物质、浮游生物和鱼类的时间序列数据进行的荟萃分析表明，营养物质通常会增加浮游植物生物量，而食肉动物会降低食草动物生物量。然而，资源和消费者的影响会通过海洋浮游食物网减弱，导致浮游植物和食草动物之间的耦合较弱。尽管海洋浮游生态系统存在很大的物理和生物变异性，但资源可用性和消费者的改变会导致群落变化的一般模式。
