恒河猴口服乙醇自我给药：行为和神经化学相关性

Oral ethanol self-administration in rhesus monkeys: behavioral and neurochemical correlates.

作者信息

Vivian J A, Higley J D, Linnoila M, Woods J H

机构信息

Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0632, USA.

出版信息

Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1999 Aug;23(8):1352-61.

PMID:10470978

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Previous research has revealed that orally administered ethanol serves as a reinforcer in nonhuman primates. The purposes of the present study were to examine the relationship between ethanol preferences and intakes in two distinct self-administration contexts and to reveal some of the behavioral and neurochemical correlates of oral ethanol self-administration in monkeys.

METHODS

Three cohorts of 13 to 29 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were socially housed and given daily, 1-hr, one-spout access to an ethanol solution (8.4%, w/v) sweetened with aspartame. Twelve of these monkeys were subsequently selected, individually housed, and given daily, 2-hr, two-spout access to a range of ethanol concentrations (0.25-16%, w/v) concurrently with water.

RESULTS

These monkeys (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism group) showed a marked preference for ethanol (0.5-4%, w/v) over water, and ethanol preferences were 3-fold greater than those of a second group of 12 monkeys (University of Michigan group) purchased from a commercial vendor. Ethanol consumption was consistent across the self-administration paradigms. Monkeys that consumed large quantities of ethanol under the one-spout, social-housing conditions continued to drink large quantities of ethanol under the two-spout, individual-housing conditions (r = 0.86). An association between ethanol preferences and intakes was also demonstrated. Monkeys with the greatest preferences for ethanol over water under the two-spout choice conditions consumed the largest quantities of ethanol (r = 0.82). Finally, cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations were inversely related to ethanol preference but not to ethanol intake.

CONCLUSIONS

These results indicate that ethanol consumption is stable across contexts and is positively correlated with the preference for ethanol over water.

摘要

背景

先前的研究表明，经口给予乙醇在非人灵长类动物中具有强化作用。本研究的目的是检验在两种不同的自我给药环境中乙醇偏好与摄入量之间的关系，并揭示猴子经口乙醇自我给药的一些行为和神经化学相关性。

方法

将三组13至29只恒河猴（猕猴）群居饲养，每天给予1小时通过单口装置获取用阿斯巴甜调味的乙醇溶液（8.4%，w/v）。随后从这些猴子中挑选出12只，单独饲养，每天给予2小时通过双口装置同时获取一系列乙醇浓度（0.25 - 16%，w/v）的溶液和水。

结果

这些猴子（美国国立酒精滥用与酒精中毒研究所组）对乙醇（0.5 - 4%，w/v）的偏好明显高于水，且乙醇偏好比从商业供应商处购买的另一组12只猴子（密歇根大学组）高3倍。乙醇摄入量在自我给药范式中保持一致。在单口、群居饲养条件下大量饮用乙醇的猴子在双口、单独饲养条件下仍继续大量饮用乙醇（r = 0.86）。乙醇偏好与摄入量之间也存在关联。在双口选择条件下对乙醇的偏好高于水的猴子摄入的乙醇量最大（r = 0.82）。最后，脑脊液5 - 羟吲哚乙酸浓度与乙醇偏好呈负相关，但与乙醇摄入量无关。