Rodríguez-Niedenführ M, Sañudo J R, Vázquez T, Nearn L, Logan B, Parkin I
Unit of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain.
J Anat. 1999 Jul;195 ( Pt 1)(Pt 1):57-63. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.1999.19510057.x.
This study confirms that the median artery may persist in adult life in 2 different patterns, palmar and antebrachial, based on their vascular territory. The palmar type, which represents the embryonic pattern, is large, long and reaches the palm. The antebrachial type,which represents a partial regression of the embryonic artery is slender, short, and terminates before reaching the wrist. These 2 arterial patterns appear with a different incidence. The palmar pattern was studied in the whole sample (120 cadavers) and had an incidence of 20%, being more frequent in females than in males (1.3:1), occurring unilaterally more often than bilaterally (4:1) and slightly more frequently on the right than on the left (1.1:1). The antebrachial pattern was studied in only 79 cadavers and had an incidence of 76%, being more frequent in females than in males (1.6:1); it was commoner unilaterally than bilaterally (1.5:1) and was again slightly more prevalent on the right than on the left (1.2:1). The origin of the median artery was variable in both patterns. The palmar type most frequently arose from the caudal angle between the ulnar artery and its common interosseous trunk (59%). The antebrachial pattern most frequently originated from the anterior interosseous artery (55%). Other origins, for both patterns, were from the ulnar artery or from the common interosseous trunk. The median artery in the antebrachial pattern terminated in the upper third (74%) or in the distal third of the forearm (26%). However, the palmar pattern ended as the 1st, 2nd or 1st and 2nd common digital arteries (65%) or joined the superficial palmar arch (35%). The median artery passed either anterior (67%) or posterior (25%) to the anterior interosseous nerve. It pierced the median nerve in the upper third of the forearm in 41% of cases with the palmar pattern and in none of the antebrachial cases. In 1 case the artery pierced both the anterior interosseous and median nerves.
本研究证实，根据其血管分布区域，正中动脉在成人期可能以两种不同模式持续存在，即掌部型和前臂型。掌部型代表胚胎期模式，粗大、较长且延伸至手掌。前臂型代表胚胎动脉的部分退化，纤细、短小且在到达腕部之前终止。这两种动脉模式出现的发生率不同。掌部型在整个样本（120具尸体）中进行了研究，发生率为20%，女性比男性更常见（1.3:1），单侧出现比双侧更常见（4:1），右侧比左侧略多（1.1:1）。前臂型仅在79具尸体中进行了研究，发生率为76%，女性比男性更常见（1.6:1）；单侧比双侧更常见（1.5:1），同样右侧比左侧略多（1.2:1）。两种模式下正中动脉的起源都各不相同。掌部型最常起自尺动脉与其骨间总干之间的尾侧角（59%）。前臂型最常起自骨间前动脉（55%）。两种模式的其他起源均为尺动脉或骨间总干。前臂型的正中动脉在尺骨上1/3（74%）或前臂远1/3处（26%）终止。然而，掌部型则以第1、2指总动脉或第1、2指总动脉（65%）或汇入掌浅弓（35%）结束。正中动脉走行于骨间前神经前方（67%）或后方（25%）。在掌部型病例中，41%的正中动脉在前臂上1/3处穿过正中神经，而在前臂型病例中则无此情况。在1例中，动脉同时穿过骨间前神经和正中神经。
