Wesumperuma H L, Perera A J, Pharoah P O, Hart C A
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liverpool, U.K.
Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1999 Mar;93(2):169-77. doi: 10.1080/00034989958654.
The influence of gestational age, the neonate's birthweight, and maternal age, weight, height and parity on transplacental antibody transfer was assessed in 141 mothers from Sri Lanka and their neonates. Paired blood samples were collected from the mothers and the umbilical cords of the newborns. The sera separated from these samples were categorized as: preterm but adequate birthweight (< 37 weeks' gestation and birthweight > or = 2500 g); term but low birthweight (> or = 37 weeks' gestation and birthweight < 2500 g); or term and adequate birthweight (> or = 37 weeks' gestation and birthweight > or = 2500 g). Neonatal and maternal sera were assessed, in ELISA, for specific IgG antibodies against measles virus (MeV), herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV1), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), tetanus toxoid (TT), diphtheria toxoid (DT), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pn) and Haemophilus influenzae type-b (Hib) capsular antigens. Placental antibody transfer to certain antibody specificities was significantly lower in preterm neonates than term neonates. Thus the ratios between geometric mean cord antibody levels and geometric mean maternal antibody levels (the antibody-transfer ratios) were lower in preterm sera than term sera, for MeV (1.51 v. 2.03; P = 0.03), HSV1 (1.29 v. 1.76; P = 0.04), VZV (0.96 v. 2.50; P = 0.01), TT (1.13 v. 1.33; P = 0.04), DT (1.03 v. 2.39; P = 0.02), Pn (0.68 v. 0.98; P = 0.01) and Hib (0.58 v. 0.98; P = 0.00). Geometric mean levels of antibody to MeV, VZV, TT, DT and Pn were also significantly lower in preterm neonates than term. Compared with the values for 'adequate-birthweight' sera, low birthweight was independently associated with significantly lower levels of antibody transfer, for MeV (with antibody-transfer ratios of 1.51 v. 2.03; P = 0.02), VZV (0.99 v. 2.50; P = 0.03), TT (1.01 v. 1.33; P = 0.04) and DT (1.16 v. 2.39; P = 0.04) and significantly lower levels of antibodies to MeV, HSV1, VZV, TT, DT and Pn in the neonates. Maternal age, weight, height and parity had no independent influence on placental IgG transfer for antibodies to any of the pathogens investigated. These results demonstrate that prematurity and low birthweight may influence the level of maternally acquired immunity in Sri Lankan neonates.
在141名来自斯里兰卡的母亲及其新生儿中，评估了胎龄、新生儿出生体重以及母亲年龄、体重、身高和产次对经胎盘抗体转移的影响。从母亲和新生儿的脐带采集配对血样。从这些样本中分离出的血清分为：早产但出生体重正常（孕周<37周且出生体重≥2500g）；足月但低出生体重（孕周≥37周且出生体重<2500g）；或足月且出生体重正常（孕周≥37周且出生体重≥2500g）。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测新生儿和母亲血清中针对麻疹病毒（MeV）、单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV1）、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、水痘 - 带状疱疹病毒（VZV）、破伤风类毒素（TT）、白喉类毒素（DT）、肺炎链球菌（Pn）和b型流感嗜血杆菌（Hib）荚膜抗原的特异性IgG抗体。早产新生儿中某些抗体特异性的胎盘抗体转移明显低于足月新生儿。因此，对于MeV（1.51对2.03；P = 0.03）、HSV1（1.29对1.76；P = 0.04）、VZV（0.96对2.50；P = 0.01）、TT（1.13对1.33；P = 0.04）、DT（1.03对2.39；P = 0.02）、Pn（0.68对0.98；P = 0.01）和Hib（0.58对0.98；P = 0.00），早产血清中脐血抗体几何平均水平与母亲抗体几何平均水平之比（抗体转移率）低于足月血清。早产新生儿中MeV、VZV、TT、DT和Pn的抗体几何平均水平也明显低于足月新生儿。与“出生体重正常”血清的值相比，低出生体重与抗体转移水平显著降低独立相关，对于MeV（抗体转移率为1.51对2.03；P = 0.02）、VZV（0.99对2.50；P = 0.03）、TT（1.01对1.33；P = 0.04）和DT（1.16对2.39；P = 0.04），并且新生儿中MeV、HSV1、VZV、TT、DT和Pn的抗体水平显著降低。母亲年龄、体重、身高和产次对所研究的任何病原体抗体的胎盘IgG转移均无独立影响。这些结果表明，早产和低出生体重可能会影响斯里兰卡新生儿母源性获得性免疫的水平。
