Ahlqwist M, Bengtsson C, Hakeberg M, Hägglin C
Department of Oral Diagnostic Radiology, Göteborg University, Sweden. Margareta.
Acta Odontol Scand. 1999 Jun;57(3):162-7. doi: 10.1080/000163599428904.
The aim of the study was to describe dental health status among middle-aged and elderly women over a 24-year period. Because of the design of the study it was possible to make both longitudinal and cross-sectional comparisons. The study started in 1968-69 with a combined medical and dental examination of women aged between 38 and 60 years. New dental examinations of these same women were performed in 1980-81 and again in 1992-93, and included new cohorts of 38-year-old women on both occasions. In the cross-sectional perspective, it was shown that the number of edentate individuals decreased significantly during the 24-year period. Among dentate women, the number of remaining teeth and restored teeth increased significantly cross-sectionally. However, the youngest age group, women of 38 years, showed a lower number of restored teeth in the latest study (in 1992-93). There was also a lower number of crowns, root-fillings, and pontics in the latest study for the youngest age group. The two older age groups studied cross-sectionally showed similar numbers in all studies. In the longitudinal study, there was a decrease with time in incidence of edentulism. Among the dentate women in the longitudinal study the number of restored teeth related to those remaining was high (range 76-90%) and did not change much between the studies in the different age groups. There was a clear tendency during the 24-year period in all age groups for more teeth to be restored with crowns rather than different fillings. In conclusion, this population study, with a follow-up of 24 years, shows that dental status improved in that fewer individuals lost all their teeth and younger age groups have more remaining teeth and fewer restorations than previously.
该研究的目的是描述中年及老年女性在24年期间的口腔健康状况。由于该研究的设计，既可以进行纵向比较，也可以进行横断面比较。该研究始于1968 - 1969年，对年龄在38岁至60岁之间的女性进行了医学和牙科综合检查。1980 - 1981年以及1992 - 1993年对这些相同的女性进行了新的牙科检查，且在这两次检查中均纳入了新的38岁女性队列。从横断面角度来看，结果显示在这24年期间无牙个体数量显著减少。在有牙女性中，留存牙齿和修复牙齿的数量在横断面上显著增加。然而，最年轻的年龄组，即38岁女性，在最近一次研究（1992 - 1993年）中显示修复牙齿的数量较低。在最近一次研究中，最年轻年龄组的牙冠、根管充填物和桥体数量也较少。横断面研究的两个较年长年龄组在所有研究中显示的数量相似。在纵向研究中，无牙症的发病率随时间下降。在纵向研究的有牙女性中，修复牙齿数量与留存牙齿数量的比例较高（范围为76% - 90%），且在不同年龄组的研究之间变化不大。在这24年期间，所有年龄组都有一个明显的趋势，即更多的牙齿采用牙冠修复而非其他不同的充填方式。总之，这项为期24年随访的人群研究表明，口腔状况有所改善，即失去所有牙齿的个体减少，且较年轻年龄组留存的牙齿更多，修复的牙齿比以前更少。
