Fitch W T, Giedd J
Speech and Hearing Sciences Program, Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1999 Sep;106(3 Pt 1):1511-22. doi: 10.1121/1.427148.
Magnetic resonance imaging was used to quantify the vocal tract morphology of 129 normal humans, aged 2-25 years. Morphometric data, including midsagittal vocal tract length, shape, and proportions, were collected using computer graphic techniques. There was a significant positive correlation between vocal tract length and body size (either height or weight). The data also reveal clear differences in male and female vocal tract morphology, including changes in overall vocal tract length and the relative proportions of the oral and pharyngeal cavity. These sex differences are not evident in children, but arise at puberty, suggesting that they are part of the vocal remodeling process that occurs during puberty in males. These findings have implications for speech recognition, speech forensics, and the evolution of the human speech production system, and provide a normative standard for future studies of human vocal tract morphology and development.
磁共振成像被用于量化129名年龄在2至25岁的正常人类的声道形态。使用计算机图形技术收集了形态测量数据，包括矢状面声道长度、形状和比例。声道长度与身体大小（身高或体重）之间存在显著的正相关。数据还揭示了男性和女性声道形态的明显差异，包括声道总长度以及口腔和咽腔相对比例的变化。这些性别差异在儿童中不明显，但在青春期出现，表明它们是男性青春期发生的声道重塑过程的一部分。这些发现对语音识别、语音取证以及人类语音产生系统的进化具有启示意义，并为未来人类声道形态和发育研究提供了一个规范标准。
