Elias P K, Elias M F, D'Agostino R B, Silbershatz H, Wolf P A
Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Consulting Unit, Boston University, MA 02215, USA.
Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Sep 15;150(6):580-9. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010056.
Recent studies have indicated that moderate alcohol intake may be beneficial to cognitive functioning in women, although not necessarily in men. Data from the Framingham Heart Study, a large, prospective study of cardiovascular disease in Framingham, Massachusetts, were used to examine the relation between alcohol consumption and cognitive ability. The major research question was whether a different alcohol-cognition relation would be found for male and female drinkers. Men (n = 733) and women (n = 1,053), aged 55-88 years, were queried as to their weekly intake of alcohol, and these data were used to construct groups of abstainers, very light, light, moderate, and heavy drinkers. Data from earlier reports of alcohol consumption were also examined. Participants were administered eight tests which reflect performance in the domains of verbal memory, learning, visual organization and memory, attention, abstract reasoning, and concept formation. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used with statistical adjustment for age, education, occupation, cardiovascular disease, and associated risk factors. Women who drank moderately (2-4 drinks/day) showed superior performance in many cognitive domains relative to abstainers. For men, superior performance was found within the range of 4-8 drinks/day, although fewer significant relations were observed. These results were confirmed by prospective analyses of 24-year drinking history.
最近的研究表明，适度饮酒可能对女性的认知功能有益，尽管对男性不一定如此。来自弗明汉心脏研究的数据被用于研究饮酒与认知能力之间的关系。该研究是对马萨诸塞州弗明汉的心血管疾病进行的一项大型前瞻性研究。主要研究问题是男性和女性饮酒者是否会发现不同的酒精与认知关系。对年龄在55 - 88岁的733名男性和1053名女性询问了他们每周的酒精摄入量，并将这些数据用于构建戒酒者、极少量饮酒者、少量饮酒者、适度饮酒者和大量饮酒者组。还检查了早期酒精消费报告的数据。参与者接受了八项测试，这些测试反映了言语记忆、学习、视觉组织与记忆、注意力、抽象推理和概念形成等领域的表现。使用多元线性回归分析，并对年龄、教育程度、职业、心血管疾病及相关风险因素进行了统计调整。适度饮酒（每天2 - 4杯）的女性在许多认知领域的表现相对于戒酒者更优。对于男性，在每天4 - 8杯的范围内发现了更优表现，尽管观察到的显著关系较少。这些结果通过对24年饮酒史的前瞻性分析得到了证实。
