Ab initio structure solution of a dimeric cytochrome c3 from Desulfovibrio gigas containing disulfide bridges.

The 1.2 A resolution crystal structure of the 29 kDa di-tetrahaem cytochrome c3 from the sulfate reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio gigas was solved by ab initio methods, making this the largest molecule to be solved by this procedure. The actual refined model of the cysteine-linked dimeric molecule reveals that this molecule is very similar to the non-covalently linked symmetrical dimer of the di-tetrahaem cytochrome c3 from Desulfomicrobium norvegicum. Each monomer has the typical polypeptide fold, haem arrangement and iron coordination found for the tetrahaem cytochrome c3 molecules. The interface between the covalently linked monomers in the asymmetric unit of the crystal shows a pseudo two-fold arrangement, disturbed from symmetry by crystal packing forces. The fact that D. gigas contains a dimeric tetrahaem cytochrome with solvent accessible disulfide bridges and that this cytochrome specifically couples hydrogen oxidation to thiosulfate reduction in bacterial extracts provides an interesting aspect related to disulfide exchange reactions in this microorganism.