Easterbrook M A, Kisilevsky B S, Muir D W, Laplante D P
Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario.
Can J Exp Psychol. 1999 Sep;53(3):231-41. doi: 10.1037/h0087312.
Newborn attention to, and discrimination of, facelike patterns was examined in three experiments employing 35 one- to three-day-old infants. Differential eye tracking and head turning to three moving stimuli (a schematic face, a scrambled face, and a luminance-matched blank) were measured in two of the three experiments. The newborns turned their eyes and heads farther to follow patterned stimuli, containing facelike features, than to a luminance-matched blank, but they did not turn farther to a stimulus with the features arranged in a facelike manner compared to features scrambled. A third experiment tested newborns' ability to discriminate between the facelike and scrambled face patterns. Using an infant-controlled procedure, infants showed similar initial fixation times and similar numbers of trials to reach a 60% response decrement criterion to both patterned stimuli. Following habituation, novelty responding indicated that infants discriminated between the schematic face and the scrambled face patterns. Although infants did not show a preference for a facelike stimulus compared to a features-scrambled pattern in the present experiments, they could discriminate the two patterns based on the internal arrangement of the facial features.
在三项实验中，对35名1至3日龄的婴儿进行了研究，以考察新生儿对类脸图案的关注和辨别能力。在三项实验中的两项中，测量了婴儿对三种移动刺激（一张示意性面孔、一张打乱的面孔和一个亮度匹配的空白）的不同眼动追踪和转头情况。新生儿将眼睛和头部转向包含类脸特征的图案刺激的距离，比转向亮度匹配的空白更远，但与特征打乱的刺激相比，他们转向特征以类脸方式排列的刺激的距离并没有更远。第三个实验测试了新生儿区分类脸图案和打乱的脸图案的能力。使用婴儿控制程序，婴儿对两种图案刺激的初始注视时间相似，达到60%反应递减标准的试验次数也相似。在习惯化之后，新奇反应表明婴儿能够区分示意性面孔和打乱的面孔图案。虽然在本实验中，与特征打乱的图案相比，婴儿没有表现出对类脸刺激的偏好，但他们能够根据面部特征的内部排列来区分这两种图案。
