Maussier M L, D'Errico G, Putignano P, Reali F, Romano L, Satta M A
Istituto di Medicina Nucleare, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Roma, Italy.
Rays. 1999 Apr-Jun;24(2):263-72.
Thyroid hormones are triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). The hypophysial thyrotropic hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is their physiologic regulator. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by clinical symptoms caused by high thyroid hormone concentrations. The commonest forms are: 1) toxic diffuse goiter (Basedow-Flajani-Graves disease), 2) toxic multinodular goiter, 3) toxic adenoma. Other less frequent forms are the iodide-induced, that during Hashimoto thyroiditis, that from inappropriate TSH secretion. The diagnosis is predominantly clinical and confirmed by hormone level determination associated in some cases to functional and morphofunctional tests (TRH test, scintigraphy, thyroid I uptake) and antithyroid antibody assay.
甲状腺激素包括三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）和甲状腺素（T4）。垂体促甲状腺激素，即促甲状腺激素（TSH）是它们的生理调节因子。甲状腺毒症的特征是由高甲状腺激素浓度引起的临床症状。最常见的形式有：1）毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿（Basedow-Flajani-Graves病），2）毒性多结节性甲状腺肿，3）毒性腺瘤。其他较不常见的形式有碘诱发的、桥本甲状腺炎期间发生的、因促甲状腺激素分泌不当引起的。诊断主要依靠临床症状，并通过测定激素水平来确诊，某些情况下还需结合功能和形态功能检查（促甲状腺激素释放激素试验、闪烁扫描、甲状腺碘摄取）以及抗甲状腺抗体检测。
