Gras M J, Weide J F, Langendam M W, Coutinho R A, van den Hoek A
Municipal Health Service, Division of Public Health and Environment, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
AIDS. 1999 Oct 1;13(14):1953-62. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199910010-00019.
To study (1) HIV prevalence; (2) sexual risk behaviour; (3) sexual mixing patterns; (4) determinants of disassortative (between-group) mixing among migrant groups in Amsterdam, the Netherlands and to gain insight into the potential for heterosexual spread of HIV/sexually transmitted diseases.
Cross-sectional study among 1660 Surinamese, Antilleans and sub-Saharan Africans, mainly recruited on the streets.
Saliva was tested for HIV and questions were asked about sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behaviour and the ethnicity of sexual partners. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to find predictors for disassortative mixing.
HIV prevalence was 1.1% (95% confidence interval: 0.6-1.7). Compared with the Dutch population in general, our study group reported having multiple partners, concurrent partnerships and a history of sexually transmitted diseases much more frequently. Sex in the country of origin during a visit occurred frequently and there was a considerable degree of sexual mixing between different ethnic groups in the Netherlands. For men, disassortative mixing was associated with hard drug use, recent immigration, a high number of partners, being from Nigerian or Hindu-Surinamese origin, a recent sexually transmitted disease and, for steady relationships, consistent condom use. For women, determinants included: hard drug use, low income, being a-religious and, for Antillean and Ghanaian women, consistent condom use.
Our data suggest a potential for heterosexual spread of sexually transmitted diseases within and between ethnic groups in the Netherlands. The potential for HIV spread is however limited by the low HIV prevalence at present among these groups. This situation may change when HIV prevalence increases in the countries of origin, as bridges exist between those countries and the Netherlands. Culturally appropriate AIDS prevention programmes remain important for these groups.
研究（1）艾滋病毒流行情况；（2）性风险行为；（3）性混合模式；（4）荷兰阿姆斯特丹移民群体中异性间（群体间）非配对混合的决定因素，并深入了解艾滋病毒/性传播疾病异性传播的可能性。
对1660名苏里南人、安的列斯人和撒哈拉以南非洲人进行横断面研究，主要在街头招募。
检测唾液中的艾滋病毒，并询问社会人口学特征、性行为及性伴侣的种族。采用多变量逻辑回归分析寻找非配对混合的预测因素。
艾滋病毒流行率为1.1%（95%置信区间：0.6 - 1.7）。与一般荷兰人群相比，我们的研究群体报告有多个性伴侣、同时存在性伴侣关系以及性传播疾病史的频率要高得多。在回国探亲期间发生性行为很常见，且荷兰不同种族之间存在相当程度的性混合。对于男性，非配对混合与使用硬性毒品、近期移民、性伴侣数量多、来自尼日利亚或印度教 - 苏里南人血统、近期患有性传播疾病以及在稳定关系中持续使用避孕套有关。对于女性，决定因素包括：使用硬性毒品、低收入、无宗教信仰，以及对于安的列斯和加纳女性来说，持续使用避孕套。
我们的数据表明荷兰不同种族内部和之间存在性传播疾病异性传播的可能性。然而，目前这些群体中艾滋病毒流行率较低，限制了艾滋病毒传播的可能性。当原籍国艾滋病毒流行率上升时，这种情况可能会改变，因为这些国家与荷兰之间存在联系。针对这些群体开展符合文化背景的艾滋病预防项目仍然很重要。
