King A J
University Laboratory of Physiology, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom.
Bioessays. 1999 Nov;21(11):900-11. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-1878(199911)21:11<900::AID-BIES2>3.0.CO;2-6.
The basic wiring of the brain is first established before birth by using a variety of molecular guidance cues. These connections are then refined by patterns of neural activity, which are initially generated spontaneously and subsequently driven by sensory experience. In the superior colliculus, a midbrain nucleus involved in the control of orienting behaviour, visual, auditory, and tactile inputs converge to form superimposed maps of sensory space. Maps of visual space and of the body surface arise from spatially ordered projections from the retina and skin, respectively. In contrast, the map of auditory space is computed within the brain by tuning the neurons to different localization cues that result from the acoustical properties of the head and ears. Establishing and maintaining the registration of the maps in the face of individual differences in the size and relative positions of different sense organs is an activity-dependent process in which the synaptic circuits underlying the auditory representation are modified and calibrated under the influence of both auditory and visual experience. BioEssays 1999;21:900-911.
大脑的基本布线在出生前就通过多种分子引导线索得以建立。这些连接随后会根据神经活动模式进行优化，神经活动最初是自发产生的，随后由感官体验驱动。在中脑的上丘（一个参与定向行为控制的中脑核团）中，视觉、听觉和触觉输入汇聚在一起，形成感觉空间的叠加图谱。视觉空间图谱和体表图谱分别源自视网膜和皮肤的空间有序投射。相比之下，听觉空间图谱是通过调整神经元对由头部和耳朵的声学特性产生的不同定位线索的反应，在大脑内部计算得出的。面对不同感觉器官在大小和相对位置上的个体差异，建立并维持这些图谱的对齐是一个依赖于活动的过程，在这个过程中，听觉表征背后的突触回路会在听觉和视觉体验的影响下被修改和校准。《生物论文》1999年；21卷：900 - 911页。
