Latitudinal variation in eclosion rhythm among strains of Drosophila ananassae.

Eclosion rhythm parameters of D. ananassae strains originating between 8 degrees-34 degrees N were highly variable and latitude dependent. In the field under naturally fluctuating light intensity, temperature and R.H., the amplitude of the rhythm was high and the eclosion gate was narrow; however, under the naturally fluctuating light intensity but at constant temperature and R.H., the amplitude of the rhythm was lowered and the width of eclosion gate was widened. The eclosion rhythm entrained to light-dark (LD) cycles ranging from LD 6:18 to LD 18:6, the width of the eclosion gate was decreased and increased in the short and long photoperiods respectively. Among the strains, both the phase angle difference (psi, the time from lights-off in a 24 hr LD cycle to the eclosion median) and the period of free-running rhythm (tau) in constant darkness varied by about 3 hr and the amplitude of the rhythmicity (Amp) by about 10%. Lower latitude was correlated with late psi (r = -0.69), long tau (r = -0.88) and high Amp value (r = -0.95).