Li Y, Guo G, Shi A, Li Y, Anme T, Ushijima H
Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
Pediatr Int. 1999 Oct;41(5):549-56. doi: 10.1046/j.1442-200x.1999.01103.x.
Child growth retardation and malnutrition remain a matter of uttermost public concern in economically disadvantaged areas of China. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition with various anthropometric indices and examine its correlates in a large sample of poor rural minority children.
A total of 2019 children under 7 years of age belonging to the Hani, Yi, Hui, Miao ethnic minority groups and the Han major group were drawn from four poor rural minority counties in the Yunnan Province of China. Well-trained investigators completed child physical measurements and maternal interviews. Protein-energy malnutrition was defined as being underweight (weight for age), wasting (weight for height) and stunting (height for age) on the basis of reference data from the National Center of Health Statistics (NCHS)/World Health Organization (WHO).
The respective prevalence of moderate and severe protein-energy malnutrition was 15.8 and 3.1% for underweight children, 31.8 and 19.2% for stunting and 0.9 and 0.5% for wasting. Stunting was most common in children aged 2 years. Boys were more likely to suffer from malnutrition. Logistic regression analyses showed that lower family income, lower parental height, belonging to the Miao, Yi and Hani ethnic groups compared with Han and poorer maternal child-rearing behavior significantly increased the risk for stunting of children.
Protein-energy malnutrition is relatively high in the rural minority children of China. Chronic socioeconomic underdevelopment and genetic effects, rather than a severe or immediate lack of food, may lead to protein-energy malnutrition.
在中国经济欠发达地区，儿童生长发育迟缓及营养不良问题依旧是公众最为关切的事项。本研究旨在通过多种人体测量指标估算蛋白质 - 能量营养不良的患病率，并在大量贫困农村少数民族儿童样本中探究其相关因素。
从中国云南省四个贫困农村少数民族县抽取了2019名7岁以下儿童，他们分属于哈尼族、彝族、回族、苗族少数民族群体以及汉族主体群体。训练有素的调查人员完成了儿童身体测量及对母亲的访谈。基于美国国家卫生统计中心（NCHS）/世界卫生组织（WHO）的参考数据，蛋白质 - 能量营养不良被定义为体重不足（年龄别体重）、消瘦（身高别体重）和发育迟缓（年龄别身高）。
体重不足儿童中，中度和重度蛋白质 - 能量营养不良的患病率分别为15.8%和3.1%；发育迟缓儿童中，该患病率分别为31.8%和19.2%；消瘦儿童中，该患病率分别为0.9%和0.5%。发育迟缓在2岁儿童中最为常见。男孩更易患营养不良。逻辑回归分析表明，家庭收入较低、父母身高较矮、与汉族相比属于苗族、彝族和哈尼族以及母亲育儿行为较差会显著增加儿童发育迟缓的风险。
中国农村少数民族儿童中蛋白质 - 能量营养不良的情况较为严重。长期的社会经济发展不足和遗传因素，而非严重或即时的食物短缺，可能导致蛋白质 - 能量营养不良。
