Angetter D C
Institut für Geschichte der Medizin, Universität Wien, Osterreich.
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1999 Oct 1;111(18):764-74.
Anatomical science played a minor role in Vienna for centuries until Gerard van Swieten, in the 18th century, recognized the importance of anatomy for medical education. In the 19th century the anatomical school at the University of Vienna development to its height. A new building and a collection of preparations attracted a large number of students. Finally, a second department of anatomy was established. Political ideologies started to affect this institution in the beginning of the 20th century. Anti-Semitism emerged and caused uproars and fights among the students of the two departments. In 1938 both were united under Eduard Pernkopf, a dedicated Nazi and chairman of the department of anatomy, Decan of the medical faculty (1938-1943) and later on President of the University of Vienna (1943-1945). He was suspected of using cadavers of executed persons for the purpose of research and education.
几个世纪以来，解剖学在维也纳一直发挥着次要作用，直到18世纪的杰勒德·范·斯维滕认识到解剖学对医学教育的重要性。19世纪，维也纳大学的解剖学派发展到了顶峰。一座新建筑和一批解剖标本吸引了大量学生。最后，第二个解剖学系成立了。20世纪初，政治意识形态开始影响这个机构。反犹主义出现，并在两个系的学生中引发了骚乱和争斗。1938年，两个系在爱德华·佩恩科夫的领导下合并，他是一名坚定的纳粹分子，解剖学系主任、医学院院长（1938 - 1943年），后来成为维也纳大学校长（1943 - 1945年）。他被怀疑利用被处决者的尸体进行研究和教学。
