Sarugeri E, Dozio N, Meschi F, Pastore M R, Bonifacio E
Department of Internal Medicine, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
J Autoimmun. 1999 Nov;13(3):365-73. doi: 10.1006/jaut.1999.0327.
Cow's milk beta-casein has been proposed as a candidate trigger of autoimmunity associated with type 1 diabetes. In this study, cellular and humoral immunity against beta-casein was compared to that against other major cow's milk proteins in patients with recent onset type 1 diabetes and control subjects. T cell responses were found against alpha-casein, beta-casein, beta-lactoglobulin and bovine serum albumin in both patients with type 1 diabetes (stimulation index: 0.2-22.8, n=23) and control subjects (stimulation index: 0.1-18.2, n=22), with no significant differences between groups. Twelve (52%) patients and nine (41%) control subjects had stimulation indices >3 to at least one protein, including 9 (39%) patients and 4 (18%) control subjects against beta-casein, all but one of these also having elevated responses to alpha-casein. The highest responses (stimulation index >9) were against alpha- and beta-casein in some patients and control subjects who had the HLA DR3 allele. Antibody levels against alpha-casein, beta-casein and beta-lactoglobulin were low in both patients (n=59) and control subjects (n=52). Nevertheless, significantly higher IgG binding to both alpha-casein in ELISA (P=0.02) and beta-casein using ELISA (P=0.02) and RIA (P=0.04) was observed in patients aged <15 years compared to control subjects of similar age. No relationship was found between cellular and humoral immunity against individual antigens. These data show that immune responses to cow's milk are not limited to patients with diabetes and not solely against beta-casein.
牛乳β-酪蛋白被认为是与1型糖尿病相关的自身免疫的潜在触发因素。在本研究中，对近期发病的1型糖尿病患者和对照受试者针对β-酪蛋白的细胞免疫和体液免疫与针对其他主要牛乳蛋白的免疫进行了比较。在1型糖尿病患者（刺激指数：0.2 - 22.8，n = 23）和对照受试者（刺激指数：0.1 - 18.2，n = 22）中均发现了针对α-酪蛋白、β-酪蛋白、β-乳球蛋白和牛血清白蛋白的T细胞反应，两组之间无显著差异。12名（52%）患者和9名（41%）对照受试者对至少一种蛋白质的刺激指数>3，其中9名（39%）患者和4名（18%）对照受试者针对β-酪蛋白，除1人外，所有这些患者对α-酪蛋白的反应也升高。在一些具有HLA DR3等位基因的患者和对照受试者中，最高反应（刺激指数>9）针对α-和β-酪蛋白。患者（n = 59）和对照受试者（n = 52）中针对α-酪蛋白、β-酪蛋白和β-乳球蛋白的抗体水平均较低。然而，与年龄相仿的对照受试者相比，<15岁的患者在ELISA中针对α-酪蛋白（P = 0.02）以及使用ELISA（P = 0.02）和RIA（P = 0.04）针对β-酪蛋白的IgG结合显著更高。未发现针对单个抗原的细胞免疫和体液免疫之间存在关联。这些数据表明，对牛乳的免疫反应不仅限于糖尿病患者，也不仅针对β-酪蛋白。
