女性比赛选手和耐力运动员在环境温度为30摄氏度和16摄氏度时对长时间、间歇性、高强度跑步的生理和代谢反应。

Physiological and metabolic responses of female games and endurance athletes to prolonged, intermittent, high-intensity running at 30 degrees and 16 degrees C ambient temperatures.

作者信息

Morris J G, Nevill M E, Williams C

机构信息

Human Muscle Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sports Science and Recreation Management, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom.

出版信息

Eur J Appl Physiol. 2000 Jan;81(1-2):84-92. doi: 10.1007/PL00013801.

DOI:10.1007/PL00013801

PMID:10552271

Abstract

Eight female games players (GP) and eight female endurance athletes (EA) ran intermittently at high-intensity and for prolonged periods in hot (30 degrees C) and moderate (16 degrees C) ambient temperatures. The subjects performed a two-part (A, B) test based on repeated 20-m shuttle runs. Part A comprised 60 m of walking, a maximal 15-m sprint, 60 m of cruising (90% maximal oxygen uptake, VO(2max)) and 60 m of jogging (45% VO(2max)) repeated for 75 min with a 3-min rest every 15 min. Part B involved an exercise and rest pattern of 60-s running at 100% VO(2max) and 60-s rest which was continued until fatigue. Although the GP and EA did not respond differently in terms of distances completed, performance was 25 (SEM 4)% less (main effect trial, P < 0.01) in the hot (HT) compared with the moderate trial (MT). Sprints of 15 m took longer to complete in the heat (main effect, trial, P < 0.01), and sprint performance declined during HT but not MT (interaction, trial x time, P < 0.01). A very high correlation was found between the rate of rise in rectal temperature in HT and the distance completed [GP, r =-0.94, P < 0. 01; EA (n = 7), r = -0.93, P < 0.01]. Blood lactate La(-) and plasma ammonia NH(3) concentrations were higher for GP than EA, but were similar in HT and MT La(-) , HT: GP vs EA, 8.0 (SEM 0. 9) vs 4.9 (SEM 1.1) mmol x l(-1); MT: GP vs EA, 8.0 (SEM 1.3) vs 4.4 (SEM 1.2) mmol x l(-1); interaction, group x time, P < 0.01; NH(3), HT: GP vs EA, 70.1 (SEM 12.7) vs 43.2 (SEM 6.1) mmol x l(-1); MT: GP vs EA, 76.8 (SEM 8.8) vs 32.5 (SEM 3.8) micromol x l(-1); interaction, group x time, P < 0.01. Ad libitum water consumption was higher in HT [HT: GP vs EA, 18.9 (SEM 2.9) vs 13.5 (SEM 1.7) ml x kg(-1) x h(-1); MT: GP vs EA, 12.7 (SEM 3.7) vs 8.5 (SEM 1.5) ml x kg(-1) x h(-1); main effect, group, n.s.; main effect, trial, P < 0.01]. These results would suggest that elevated body temperature is probably the key factor limiting performance of prolonged, intermittent, high-intensity running when the ambient temperature is high, but not because of its effect on the metabolic responses to exercise.

摘要

八名女性游戏玩家（GP）和八名女性耐力运动员（EA）在炎热（30摄氏度）和适中（16摄氏度）的环境温度下进行间歇性高强度长时间跑步。受试者基于重复的20米往返跑进行了两部分（A、B）测试。A部分包括60米步行、一次15米的最大冲刺跑、60米的巡航跑（最大摄氧量的90%，VO₂max）和60米的慢跑（最大摄氧量的45%），每15分钟重复一次，持续75分钟，每15分钟休息3分钟。B部分包括以100%VO₂max进行60秒跑步和60秒休息的运动与休息模式，持续进行直至疲劳。尽管GP和EA在完成的距离方面没有不同反应，但与适中试验（MT）相比，在炎热试验（HT）中的表现降低了25（标准误4）%（主要效应试验，P<0.01）。在炎热环境中，15米冲刺跑完成时间更长（主要效应，试验，P<0.01），并且在HT期间冲刺跑表现下降，而在MT期间没有下降（交互作用，试验×时间，P<0.01）。发现HT中直肠温度上升速率与完成的距离之间存在非常高的相关性[GP，r = -0.94，P<0.01；EA（n = 7），r = -0.93，P<0.01]。GP的血乳酸La⁻和血浆氨NH₃浓度高于EA，但在HT和MT中相似La⁻，HT：GP对EA，8.0（标准误0.9）对4.9（标准误1.1）mmol·L⁻¹；MT：GP对EA，8.0（标准误1.3）对4.4（标准误1.2）mmol·L⁻¹；交互作用，组×时间，P<0.01；NH₃，HT：GP对EA，70.1（标准误12.7）对43.2（标准误6.1）mmol·L⁻¹；MT：GP对EA，76.8（标准误8.8）对32.5（标准误3.8）μmol·L⁻¹；交互作用，组×时间，P<0.01。随意饮水摄入量在HT中更高[HT：GP对EA，18.9（标准误2.9）对13.5（标准误1.7）ml·kg⁻¹·h⁻¹；MT：GP对EA，12.7（标准误3.7）对8.5（标准误1.5）ml·kg⁻¹·h⁻¹；主要效应，组，无显著差异；主要效应，试验，P<0.01]。这些结果表明，当环境温度较高时，体温升高可能是限制长时间、间歇性、高强度跑步表现的关键因素，但并非因其对运动代谢反应的影响。