del Rey Calero J
An R Acad Nac Med (Madr). 1999;116(1):41-68; discussion 69-72.
Infectious disease mortality has increased during the last decades: from a rate of 38.10(5) inhabitants in 1980-95 to 41, 5.10(5) in 1998. Demographic changes have modified susceptibility to infections, due to the increment of elderly people--who have less immunity--, and the increase in drug-abusers and HIV-infected subjects. Social and technological environmental factors have had some influence on emergent and re-emergent diseases. Key issues to be considered are problems with antimicrobial resistance, infectious related- to chronic diseases, infections in immunodeficient subjects, and new vaccines to use. Among the challenges to public health is the need for incorporating new and rapidly technologies as microarrays, strategies of planning, multisectorial approaches to detecting preventing and controlling emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.
在过去几十年中，传染病死亡率有所上升：从1980 - 1995年每10（5）居民中有38.10例死亡，增至1998年的41例，即每10（5）居民中有5.10例死亡。人口结构变化改变了对感染的易感性，这是由于免疫力较低的老年人数量增加，以及药物滥用者和艾滋病毒感染者数量增多。社会和技术环境因素对新出现和再次出现的疾病产生了一定影响。需要考虑的关键问题包括抗菌药物耐药性问题、与慢性病相关的感染、免疫缺陷患者的感染以及新疫苗的使用。公共卫生面临的挑战之一是需要采用新的快速技术，如微阵列技术、规划策略、多部门方法来检测、预防和控制新出现和再次出现的传染病。
