[Gestational diabetes mellitus--an important clinical syndrome with unclear and interesting etiopathogenesis].

The metabolic changes in carbohydrate metabolism lead to steadily increasing of insulin resistance during normal pregnancy. In women with abnormality of carbohydrate metabolism it may cause glucose intolerance defined as gestational diabetes and complicating in 3-5% of all pregnancies. Women with previous history of gestational diabetes are at risk for the later development of diabetes mellitus. Despite many different studies etiopathogenesis of gestational diabetes is still unknown. Increase of placenta hormones, beta cell dysfunction and insulin-resistance are involved in pathogenesis of gestational diabetes. Last observations suggest the new potential pathogenic factors such as: cellular membrane ATP-ase and structure dysfunction changes, lipotoxicity on pancreatic beta cell, increase secretion of islet amyloid polypeptide and genetic defects.