SURFEIT-1 gene analysis and two-dimensional blue native gel electrophoresis in cytochrome c oxidase deficiency.

Leigh syndrome, a progressive, often fatal, neurodegenerative disorder, is frequently associated with a deficiency in the activity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the last enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In contrast to NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase and succinate dehydrogenase deficiencies, no mutations in nuclear genes encoding COX subunits have been identified thus far. Very recently, however, a Leigh syndrome complementation group has been identified which showed mutations in the SURFEIT-1 (SURF-1) gene. The results of a mutational detection study in 16 new randomly selected COX-deficient patients revealed a new mutation (C688T) in 2 patients and the earlier reported 845delCT mutation in 2 additional patients. In addition, we evaluated the diagnostic value of two-dimensional blue native gel electrophoresis. We show that this technique reveals distinct patterns of both fully and partially assembled COX complexes and is thereby capable of discrimination between COX-deficient SURF-1 and non-SURF-1-mutated patients.