White D D, Falk D
Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1999 Dec;110(4):399-406. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199912)110:4<399::AID-AJPA2>3.0.CO;2-W.
Based on an analysis of its endocast, Holloway (1981 Am J Phys Anthropol 53:109-118) attributed the juvenile Omo L338y-6 specimen to Australopithecus africanus (i.e., gracile australopithecines) rather than to Paranthropus (Australopithecus) boisei (robust australopithecines) favored by other workers (Rak and Howell [1978] Am J Phys Anthropol 48:345-366). Holloway's attribution was based on the specimen's (1) low cranial capacity, (2) gracile-like meningeal vessels, (3) gracile-like cerebellar hemispheres, and (4) absence of an enlarged occipital/marginal (O/M) sinus system. Recent work, however, has shown that criteria 1 and 2 are not useful for sorting gracile from robust australopithecines (Culotta [1999] Science 284:1109-1111; Falk [1993] Am J Phys Anthropol 92:81-98). In this paper, we test criterion 3 by quantifying the endocranial cerebellar and occipital morphology reproduced on the Omo L338y-6 endocast, and comparing it to seven endocasts from South and East African early hominids. Our preliminary results show that metric analysis of this specimen cannot be used to sort it preferentially with either robust or gracile australopithecines. Finally, we demonstrate that, contrary to previous reports, the Omo L338y-6 endocast reproduces an enlarged left occipital sinus (criterion 4). This observation is consistent with the original attribution of the Omo specimen to robust australopithecines (Rak and Howell [1978] Am J Phys Anthropol 48:345-366). Furthermore, if Omo L338y-6 was a robust australopithecine, this discovery extends the occurrence of an enlarged O/M sinus system to one of the earliest known paranthropines. Am J Phys Anthropol 110:399-406, 1999.
基于对头盖骨模型的分析，霍洛韦（1981年，《美国体质人类学杂志》第53卷：第109 - 118页）将奥莫L338y - 6幼年标本归为南方古猿非洲种（即纤细型南方古猿），而非其他研究者（拉克和豪厄尔[1978年]，《美国体质人类学杂志》第48卷：第345 - 366页）所认为的鲍氏傍人（粗壮型南方古猿）。霍洛韦的归类依据是该标本的以下特征：（1）脑容量低；（2）类似纤细型的脑膜血管；（3）类似纤细型的小脑半球；（4）不存在扩大的枕骨/边缘（O/M）窦系统。然而，最近的研究表明，标准1和2对于区分纤细型和粗壮型南方古猿并无用处（库洛塔[1999年]，《科学》第284卷：第1109 - 1111页；福尔克[1993年]，《美国体质人类学杂志》第92卷：第81 - 98页）。在本文中，我们通过量化奥莫L338y - 6头盖骨模型上重现的颅内小脑和枕骨形态，并将其与来自南非和东非早期人类的七个头盖骨模型进行比较，来检验标准3。我们的初步结果表明，对该标本的测量分析无法用于将其优先归为粗壮型或纤细型南方古猿。最后，我们证明，与之前的报告相反，奥莫L338y - 6头盖骨模型重现了扩大的左枕窦（标准4）。这一观察结果与将奥莫标本最初归为粗壮型南方古猿的归类（拉克和豪厄尔[1978年]，《美国体质人类学杂志》第48卷：第345 - 366页）一致。此外，如果奥莫L338y - 6是粗壮型南方古猿，这一发现将扩大的O/M窦系统的出现时间延伸到了已知最早的傍人属之一。《美国体质人类学杂志》第110卷：第399 - 406页，1999年。
