在含有喷雾干燥血浆和乳糖的初始断奶仔猪日粮中添加氯化钠和盐酸，对3周龄断奶仔猪生产性能和氮消化率的影响。

Effect of supplemental sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid added to initial starter diets containing spray-dried blood plasma and lactose on resulting performance and nitrogen digestibility of 3-week-old weaned pigs.

作者信息

Mahan D C, Wiseman T D, Weaver E, Russell L

机构信息

The Ohio State University and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Columbus 43210-1095, USA.

出版信息

J Anim Sci. 1999 Nov;77(11):3016-21. doi: 10.2527/1999.77113016x.

DOI:10.2527/1999.77113016x

PMID:10568472

Abstract

Four experiments evaluated the efficacy of Na or Cl or their combination added to weanling pig diets that contained plasma protein and lactose on pig performance and N digestibility. The four experiments used a total of 563 crossbred pigs weaned at 22+/-1 d of age averaging 6.4 kg body weight. The basal diet in each experiment contained 5.8% plasma protein and 20% lactose and analyzed .20% Na and .23% Cl. In Exp. 1, NaCl was added to treatment diets at 0, .20, .40, or .60%. The trial was conducted for a 21 d period in a randomized complete block (RCB) design in seven replicates. Improved growth rates (P < .01) and gain:feed ratios (P < .01) occurred up to a dietary salt level of .40%. In Exp. 2, we evaluated the interaction of Na and Cl on pig performance. The experiment was a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement in a RCB design conducted in seven replicates. Total dietary Na was .20 or .36%, and Cl was included at .25 or .45%. Although there was a numerical increase in pig gains with added Na, the response was not significant (P > .15), but both gains (P < .01) and gain:feed ratios (P < .01) increased at the higher dietary Cl level. In Exp. 3, we evaluated the effect of five dietary levels of Cl added at .06% increments to a basal diet that analyzed .34% Na and .20% Cl on postweaning pig performance. The experiment was a RCB design conducted in eight replicates. A growth response (P < .01) to the .38% Cl level occurred during the initial 14-d postweaning period and to the .32% Cl level from 14 to 21 d. Gain:feed ratio increased each week with added Cl, but it was significant only for the period from d 0 to 7 d (P < .01). A N digestibility trial, using the diets of Exp. 3, constituted Exp. 4, and groups of three pigs per stainless steel metabolism crate were pair-fed to pigs fed the basal diet. The experiment was a RCB design conducted in three replicates over a 3-wk period. The results demonstrated a weekly decrease in fecal N (P < .01), no effect on urinary N (P < .15), improved N retention (P < .01), and an improved apparent N digestibility (P < .01) to the .38% dietary Cl concentration during the initial 2 wk postweaning. These experiments suggest that although plasma protein contributed Na and Cl to the initial diets of weaned pigs, additional Na and Cl, but particularly Cl, improved pig growth, N retention, and N digestibility. The results suggest a dietary minimum of .38% total Cl level during the initial 2 wk postweaning.

摘要

四项试验评估了在含有血浆蛋白和乳糖的断奶仔猪日粮中添加钠或氯或其组合对仔猪生产性能和氮消化率的影响。这四项试验总共使用了563头杂交仔猪，它们在22±1日龄断奶，平均体重6.4千克。每个试验中的基础日粮含有5.8%的血浆蛋白和20%的乳糖，钠含量为0.20%，氯含量为0.23%。在试验1中，在处理日粮中添加0、0.20%、0.40%或0.60%的氯化钠。试验采用随机完全区组（RCB）设计，为期21天，共七个重复。日粮盐水平达到0.40%时，生长速度（P<0.01）和料重比（P<0.01）得到改善。在试验2中，我们评估了钠和氯对仔猪生产性能的相互作用。试验采用2×2析因设计，为RCB设计，共七个重复。日粮总钠含量为0.20%或0.36%；氯含量为0.25%或0.45%。虽然添加钠后仔猪增重有一定数值的增加，但反应不显著（P>0.15），但在较高的日粮氯水平下，增重（P<0.01）和料重比（P<0.01）均有所增加。在试验3中，我们评估了在基础日粮中以0.06%的增量添加五个日粮水平的氯（基础日粮钠含量为0.34%，氯含量为0.20%）对断奶后仔猪生产性能的影响。试验采用RCB设计，共八个重复。在断奶后的最初14天内，仔猪对氯含量为0.38%的日粮有生长反应（P<0.01），在14至21天对氯含量为0.32%的日粮有生长反应。随着氯添加量的增加，料重比每周都有所提高，但仅在第0至7天显著（P<0.01）。使用试验3的日粮进行的氮消化率试验构成试验4，每个不锈钢代谢笼中每组三头猪与饲喂基础日粮的猪进行配对饲喂。试验采用RCB设计，在3周内进行三个重复。结果表明，在断奶后的最初2周内，粪便氮每周减少（P<0.01），对尿氮无影响（P>0.15），氮保留得到改善（P<0.01），日粮氯浓度为0.38%时表观氮消化率提高（P<0.01）。这些试验表明，虽然血浆蛋白为断奶仔猪的初始日粮提供了钠和氯，但额外添加钠和氯，尤其是氯，可改善仔猪生长、氮保留和氮消化率。结果表明，断奶后最初2周日粮中氯的总水平最低应为0.38%。