Grotenhermen F
nova-Institut, Hürth, Germany.
Forsch Komplementarmed. 1999 Oct;6 Suppl 3:7-11. doi: 10.1159/000057149.
Cannabis and THC exert manifold actions on a number of organ systems. A lethal dose of THC in humans is unknown. Above the psychotropic threshold, ingestion of cannabis causes an enhanced well-being and relaxation with an intensification of ordinary sensory experiences. The most important unwanted acute psychical effects are anxiety and panic attacks. Acute somatic effects are increased heart rate, changes of blood pressure, conjunctival injection and dry mouth. Properties that might be used therapeutically comprise analgesia, muscle relaxation, sedation, increase of mood, stimulation of appetite, antiemesis, lowering of intraoccular pressure and bronchodilation. Chronic use may lead to dependency and to a mild withdrawal syndrome. The extent of possible long-term damage on psyche and cognition, immune system, fertility and pregnancy remains controversial. Marijuana can induce a schizophrenic psychosis in vulnerable persons presumably without increasing the incidence of the disease. Disturbance of immunological and hormonal functions and long-term impairment of memory, attention, and complex cognitive processes are low and do not preclude a legitimate therapeutic use.
大麻和四氢大麻酚（THC）对多个器官系统有多种作用。人类的THC致死剂量尚不清楚。超过精神活性阈值后，摄入大麻会使人感觉更加愉悦和放松，同时增强普通的感官体验。最主要的不良急性心理效应是焦虑和惊恐发作。急性躯体效应包括心率加快、血压变化、结膜充血和口干。可能具有治疗作用的特性包括镇痛、肌肉松弛、镇静、改善情绪、刺激食欲、止吐、降低眼压和支气管扩张。长期使用可能导致成瘾和轻度戒断综合征。大麻对心理和认知、免疫系统、生育能力及妊娠可能造成的长期损害程度仍存在争议。大麻可能会在易感人群中诱发精神分裂症性精神病，但可能不会增加该病的发病率。免疫和激素功能的紊乱以及对记忆、注意力和复杂认知过程的长期损害程度较低，并不妨碍其合理的治疗用途。
