Beilmann A, Talvik T
Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu, Estonia.
Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 1999;3(6):265-72. doi: 10.1016/s1090-3798(99)90981-9.
The concept of the epileptic syndrome has had a practical and research impact on the management of patients with epilepsy. The aim of the present study was to verify the applicability of the International Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes in children and adolescents in Estonia. A population-based study was performed between January 1995 and December 1997 in seven counties. Only cases involving children between the ages of 1 month and 19 years with at least two unprovoked seizures were included. In all, 560 children and adolescents were referred to the Children's Hospital of the University of Tartu. A syndrome diagnosis was made in 550 (98.2%) cases: (49.4%) were localization-related (6.4% idiopathic, 18.9% symptomatic, 24.1% cryptogenic). Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes was present in 33 (5.9%) and childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms in three (0.5%); 48.4% were generalized (28.8% idiopathic, 5.7% cryptogenic or symptomatic, 14% symptomatic). Childhood absence epilepsy was present in 6.4%, juvenile absence in 2.0%, juvenile myoclonic in 0.7% and epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures on awakening in 17.7%. West syndrome was diagnosed in 1.4%, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in 2.9% of the cases. In 0.4% of the cases it was undetermined whether seizures were focal or generalized. In 8.8% of the cases there were atypical features so they were classified as 'other symptomatic generalized epileptic syndromes not defined above' and 1.8% of the cases were unclassified. Specific neurological diseases were diagnosed in 5.0% of cases. Thus, the International Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes was very applicable to children and adolescents in Estonia.
癫痫综合征的概念对癫痫患者的管理产生了实际和研究方面的影响。本研究的目的是验证《国际癫痫及癫痫综合征分类》在爱沙尼亚儿童和青少年中的适用性。1995年1月至1997年12月期间在七个县开展了一项基于人群的研究。仅纳入年龄在1个月至19岁之间、至少有两次无诱因发作的儿童病例。共有560名儿童和青少年被转诊至塔尔图大学儿童医院。550例（98.2%）病例做出了综合征诊断：（49.4%）为局灶性相关（6.4%特发性、18.9%症状性、24.1%隐源性）。33例（5.9%）为伴有中央颞区棘波的良性儿童癫痫，3例（0.5%）为伴有枕叶阵发的儿童癫痫；48.4%为全身性（28.8%特发性、5.7%隐源性或症状性、14%症状性）。6.4%为儿童失神癫痫，2.0%为青少年失神癫痫，0.7%为青少年肌阵挛癫痫，17.7%为觉醒时有全身强直阵挛发作的癫痫。1.4%诊断为West综合征，2.9%诊断为Lennox-Gastaut综合征。0.4%的病例无法确定发作是局灶性还是全身性。8.8%的病例有非典型特征，因此被归类为“上述未定义的其他症状性全身性癫痫综合征”，1.8%的病例未分类。5.0%的病例诊断出特定的神经系统疾病。因此，《国际癫痫及癫痫综合征分类》在爱沙尼亚的儿童和青少年中非常适用。
