Sampselle C M, Burns P A, Dougherty M C, Newman D K, Thomas K K, Wyman J F
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 1999;28(6 Suppl 1):25-33.
Approximately 20% of women ages 25-64 years experience urinary incontinence. The symptoms increase during perimenopause, when 31% of women report that they experience incontinent episodes at least once per month. Bladder training and pelvic muscle exercise are the recommended initial treatment and can be taught effectively in the ambulatory care setting. Bladder training enables women to accommodate greater volumes of urine and extend between-voiding intervals. Pelvic muscle exercise increases muscle strength and reduces unwanted urine leakage. Accumulated research results provide evidence-based guidelines for nursing practice. The Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses has identified continence for women as the focus of its third research utilization project. This article presents the rationale, evidence base, and educational strategies compiled by the Research Utilization 3 Nurse Scientist Team. Nurses can enable women to incorporate these noninvasive techniques into self-care.
年龄在25至64岁之间的女性中，约20%经历过尿失禁。这些症状在围绝经期会加重，此时31%的女性报告称她们每月至少经历一次失禁发作。膀胱训练和盆底肌肉锻炼是推荐的初始治疗方法，且能在门诊护理环境中有效传授。膀胱训练能使女性容纳更多尿量并延长排尿间隔时间。盆底肌肉锻炼可增强肌肉力量并减少不必要的尿液泄漏。累积的研究结果为护理实践提供了循证指南。妇女健康、产科和新生儿护士协会已将女性控尿确定为其第三个研究应用项目的重点。本文介绍了研究应用3护士科学家团队汇编的基本原理、证据基础和教育策略。护士可以使女性将这些非侵入性技术纳入自我护理中。
