Pauen S
University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2000 Feb;75(2):134-51. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1999.2530.
This report investigates whether preverbal infants distinguish between humans and mammals within the animate domain. In Experiment 1, 3 groups, aged 7, 9, and 11 months (N = 58), participated in an object-examination task. Infants were presented with 10 different three-dimensional toy models from one category (humans or mammals), followed by an exemplar from the other category. All groups habituated to the familiarization stimuli and dishabituated to the out-of-category item. In Experiment 2, 2 groups of infants, aged 5 and 7 months (N = 40), participated in a familiarization-novelty preference task. Four pairs of color photos of objects from the same category were presented twice, and then infants received a test pair that included one new object from the already-familiar category and one out-of-category item. Infants habituated only to humans, and 7-month-olds, but not 5-month-olds, dishabituated to the out-of-category exemplar. Implications for the development of categorical thinking during the first year of life are discussed.
本报告调查了尚不能言语的婴儿在有生命的范畴内是否能区分人类和哺乳动物。在实验1中，三组年龄分别为7个月、9个月和11个月的婴儿（N = 58）参与了一项物体检查任务。向婴儿展示来自一个类别（人类或哺乳动物）的10种不同的三维玩具模型，然后再展示来自另一个类别的一个范例。所有组对熟悉化刺激产生了习惯化，并对类别外的物品产生了去习惯化。在实验2中，两组年龄分别为5个月和7个月的婴儿（N = 40）参与了一项熟悉化-新奇偏好任务。呈现了四对来自同一类别的物体的彩色照片两次，然后婴儿接受一对测试照片，其中包括一个来自已熟悉类别的新物体和一个类别外的物品。婴儿只对人类产生了习惯化，7个月大的婴儿对类别外的范例产生了去习惯化，而5个月大的婴儿则没有。文中讨论了对生命第一年中分类思维发展的启示。
