Zealberg J J, Brady K T
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA.
Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1999 Dec;22(4):803-17. doi: 10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70127-1.
Given the high rates of comorbidity, patients commonly present with multiple diagnoses to PESs or crisis services. Clinicians must be well versed in the evaluation, differential diagnosis, and treatment of patients with substance-abuse disorders or other Axis I, II, or III conditions if they are to provide state-of-the-art treatment of patients in need of emergency care.
鉴于共病率较高，患者通常会带着多种诊断结果前往精神科急诊服务机构（PESs）或危机干预服务机构。如果临床医生要为需要紧急护理的患者提供最先进的治疗，就必须精通对患有物质使用障碍或其他轴I、轴II或轴III疾病的患者进行评估、鉴别诊断和治疗。
