Chou P, Liou M Y, Lai M Y, Hsiao M L, Chang H J
Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
J Formos Med Assoc. 1999 Dec;98(12):827-31.
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and time trend of cigarette, alcohol, and illicit substance use among adolescent students in Taiwan, from 1991 through 1996. Subjects were selected through a two-stage random-sampling procedure. In the first stage, the strata were based on the type of school: middle school (13-15 years), high school (16-18), vocational school (16-18), and junior college (first 3 years only, 16-18). In the second stage, the strata were based on grade: one class each for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd grades were randomly selected from each type of school. Students were guaranteed anonymity before the questionnaire was administered. About 12,000 students from 100 schools participated each year in 1991 and 1994-1996. In 1993, 8,320 students from 65 schools participated. The prevalence of smoking and drinking decreased between 1991 and 1994, and then increased between 1994 and 1996. In 1996, the prevalence of illicit substance use was 15.4% for smoking, 16.7% for drinking, and 1.5% for illicit substance use. The rate of illicit substance use was lowest among high school students, followed by middle school students, and higher among students in vocational schools and junior colleges. The percentage of smokers and drinkers who had started early (at age 12 or earlier) rose every year. The prevalence of smoking and drinking habits among girls increased consistently during the study period. The most commonly abused substance was amphetamine. However, in 1996, sniffing glue became more prominent among middle school students, and flunitrazepam became the second most commonly abused substance among high school students.
本研究的目的是确定1991年至1996年台湾青少年学生中香烟、酒精和非法药物使用的流行情况及时间趋势。通过两阶段随机抽样程序选取研究对象。第一阶段，分层依据学校类型：初中（13 - 15岁）、高中（16 - 18岁）、职业学校（16 - 18岁）和专科学校（仅前三年，16 - 18岁）。第二阶段，分层依据年级：从每种类型的学校中随机抽取一年级、二年级和三年级各一个班级。在发放问卷前，保证学生匿名。1991年以及1994 - 1996年每年约有来自100所学校的12000名学生参与。1993年，有来自65所学校的8320名学生参与。1991年至1994年吸烟和饮酒的流行率下降，然后在1994年至1996年上升。1996年，非法药物使用的流行率为：吸烟15.4%，饮酒16.7%，非法药物使用1.5%。非法药物使用率在高中生中最低，其次是初中生，在职业学校和专科学校学生中较高。早期（12岁或更早）开始吸烟和饮酒的比例逐年上升。在研究期间，女孩吸烟和饮酒习惯的流行率持续增加。最常被滥用的物质是安非他命。然而，1996年，吸食胶水在初中生中变得更为突出，氟硝西泮成为高中生中第二常被滥用的物质。
