Carter C M, Axten C W, Byers C D, Chase G R, Koenig A R, Reynolds J W, Rosinski K D
North American Insulation Manufacture's Association, Inc., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA.
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1999 Nov-Dec;60(6):794-800. doi: 10.1080/00028899908984504.
Man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF) have been used widely in commercial and residential buildings for over 50 years. Concerns have been expressed since the late 1960s that MMVF products may erode and contribute to fiber levels in the indoor environment. This cooperative investigation was undertaken to quantify indoor respirable fiber levels by phase contrast optical microscopy (PCOM) and to differentiate between fiber types using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDX). A total of 205 stationary samples were collected using standard industrial hygiene methods in 51 residential and commercial buildings. Twenty-one simultaneous outdoor samples were collected at 19 buildings. All samples were analyzed by PCOM following the NIOSH 7400 Fiber method, "B" counting rules, and 50 randomly selected samples were analyzed by SEM-EDX. The PCOM mean value for all respirable fiber levels was 0.008 f/cc with a median value of 0.007 f/cc and a maximum value of 0.029 f/cc. Ninety-seven percent of the respirable fibers identified by SEM-EDX were determined to be organic. MMVF were detected on only two samples. Airborne fiber levels were very low and the respirable fibers present were primarily organic. The inorganic fiber levels determined by SEM-EDX which included MMVF were less than 0.0001 f/cc.
人造玻璃纤维（MMVF）在商业和住宅建筑中的广泛应用已有50多年。自20世纪60年代末以来，人们一直担心MMVF产品可能会受到侵蚀，并导致室内环境中的纤维含量增加。此次合作调查旨在通过相差光学显微镜（PCOM）对室内可吸入纤维水平进行量化，并使用带有能量色散X射线微分析的扫描电子显微镜（SEM-EDX）区分纤维类型。采用标准工业卫生方法，在51栋住宅和商业建筑中总共采集了205个固定样本。在19栋建筑中同时采集了21个室外样本。所有样本均按照美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）7400纤维方法、“B”计数规则通过PCOM进行分析，50个随机选择的样本通过SEM-EDX进行分析。所有可吸入纤维水平的PCOM平均值为0.008根/立方厘米，中位数为0.007根/立方厘米，最大值为0.029根/立方厘米。通过SEM-EDX鉴定的可吸入纤维中，97%被确定为有机纤维。仅在两个样本中检测到MMVF。空气中的纤维水平非常低，存在的可吸入纤维主要是有机纤维。通过SEM-EDX测定的包括MMVF在内的无机纤维水平低于0.0001根/立方厘米。
