Thomson J, Lin M, Halliday L, Preston G, McIntyre P, Gidding H, Amin J, Roberts L, Higgins K, Brooke F, Milton A, O'Brien E, Witteveen D, Crerar S
National Centre for Disease Control, Department of Health and Aged Care, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory.
Commun Dis Intell. 1999 Oct 28;23(11):277-305. doi: 10.33321/cdi.1999.23.40.
In 1998 there were 85,096 notifications to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System; slightly lower than in 1997 (89,579). The number of measles cases remained low, and well below the number reported in the outbreak years of 1993 and 1994. Rubella notifications further decreased and remained low in 1998. The Measles Control Campaign from August to November 1998, did not impact significantly on the number of measles or rubella cases reported for 1998. Notifications of Haemophilus influenzae type b reached a record low since surveillance began in 1991, and appeared to have stabilised at a low rate since the introduction of the conjugated vaccine in 1992. The previously reported outbreak of pertussis in 1997 tapered off in early 1998. Food-borne disease, or detection of disease, appeared to be on the rise with an increase in notification rates of campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis. Notifications of hepatitis A decreased, correcting the previous high number of notifications in 1997. Sexually transmissible diseases (STDs) increased. Notifications for chlamydial infection were the highest for all sexually transmitted diseases and third highest for all notifiable diseases. Notifications of gonococcal infection also continued to rise and have doubled since 1991, whilst notifications for syphilis increased slightly after falling steadily over recent years. Arbovirus infections of concern in 1998 were dengue outbreaks in Far North Queensland and the first case of Japanese Encephalitis for mainland Australia, highlighting the importance of surveillance of arboviruses and vectors for their detection and management.
1998年，国家法定传染病监测系统共收到85096例病例通报，略低于1997年的89579例。麻疹病例数依然较低，远低于1993年和1994年疫情爆发年份的报告病例数。风疹通报病例数进一步下降，1998年维持在低水平。1998年8月至11月的麻疹控制运动对1998年报告的麻疹和风疹病例数没有显著影响。自1991年监测开始以来，b型流感嗜血杆菌通报病例数降至历史最低水平，自1992年引入结合疫苗后，似乎已稳定在低发病率。此前报告的1997年百日咳疫情在1998年初逐渐平息。食源性疾病或疾病检测似乎呈上升趋势，弯曲菌病和沙门氏菌病的通报率有所增加。甲型肝炎通报病例数下降，纠正了1997年之前通报病例数过高的情况。性传播疾病（STD）有所增加。衣原体感染通报病例数在所有性传播疾病中最高，在所有法定传染病中排第三。淋病感染通报病例数也持续上升，自1991年以来增加了一倍，而梅毒通报病例数在近年来稳步下降后略有增加。1998年值得关注的虫媒病毒感染是远北昆士兰的登革热疫情以及澳大利亚大陆首例日本脑炎病例，凸显了监测虫媒病毒及其媒介以进行检测和管理的重要性。
