Hall J E
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505, USA.
Am J Physiol. 1999 Dec;277(6 Pt 2):S174-86. doi: 10.1152/advances.1999.277.6.S174.
New methods in molecular biology and genetics have made possible many of the dramatic advances in physiological research that have occurred in recent years. For those of us who spend most of our time in the research laboratory, it si sometimes difficult to avoid a research-oriented, reductionist mind-set when discussing physiology with students. This article illustrates, with a few examples, the importance of conveying a "big picture" conceptual framework before discussing the details of cardiovascular physiology. Also, I have chosen examples from cardiac output and blood pressure regulation that show the importance of discussing cardiovascular physiology in terms of feedback control systems and integrating information from other areas, such as renal and endocrine physiology. Finally, I have highlighted the importance of two principles that I believe are often underemphasized in teaching physiology: mass balance and time dependence of physiological control systems.
分子生物学和遗传学的新方法使近年来生理学研究取得了许多重大进展。对于我们这些大部分时间都待在研究实验室的人来说，在与学生讨论生理学时，有时很难避免以研究为导向的、还原论的思维方式。本文通过几个例子说明，在讨论心血管生理学细节之前，传达一个“宏观”概念框架的重要性。此外，我从心输出量和血压调节中选取了一些例子，这些例子表明从反馈控制系统的角度讨论心血管生理学以及整合来自其他领域（如肾脏和内分泌生理学）的信息的重要性。最后，我强调了两个原则的重要性，我认为这两个原则在生理学教学中常常未得到充分重视：质量平衡和生理控制系统的时间依赖性。
