Pluim B M, Zwinderman A H, van der Laarse A, van der Wall E E
Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Circulation. 2000 Jan 25;101(3):336-44. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.101.3.336.
It has been postulated that depending on the type of exercise performed, 2 different morphological forms of athlete's heart may be distinguished: a strength-trained heart and an endurance-trained heart. Individual studies have not tested this hypothesis satisfactorily.
The hypothesis of divergent cardiac adaptations in endurance-trained and strength-trained athletes was tested by applying meta-analytical techniques with the assumption of a random study effects model incorporating all published echocardiographic data on structure and function of male athletes engaged in purely dynamic (running) or static (weight lifting, power lifting, bodybuilding, throwing, wrestling) sports and combined dynamic and static sports (cycling and rowing). The analysis encompassed 59 studies and 1451 athletes. The overall mean relative left ventricular wall thickness of control subjects (0.36 mm) was significantly smaller than that of endurance-trained athletes (0.39 mm, P=0.001), combined endurance- and strength-trained athletes (0.40 mm, P=0.001), or strength-trained athletes (0.44 mm, P<0.001). There was a significant difference between the 3 groups of athletes and control subjects with respect to left ventricular internal diameter (P<0. 001), posterior wall thickness (P<0.001), and interventricular septum thickness (P<0.001). In addition, endurance-trained athletes and strength-trained athletes differed significantly with respect to mean relative wall thickness (0.39 versus 0.44, P=0.006) and interventricular septum thickness (10.5 versus 11.8 mm, P=0.005) and showed a trend toward a difference with respect to posterior wall thickness (10.3 versus 11.0 mm, P=0.078) and left ventricular internal diameter (53.7 versus 52.1 mm, P=0.055). With respect to cardiac function, there were no significant differences between athletes and control subjects in left ventricular ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and E/A ratio.
Results of this meta-analysis regarding athlete's heart confirm the hypothesis of divergent cardiac adaptations in dynamic and static sports. Overall, athlete's heart demonstrated normal systolic and diastolic cardiac functions.
据推测,根据所进行的运动类型,可区分出两种不同形态的运动员心脏:力量训练型心脏和耐力训练型心脏。个别研究尚未令人满意地验证这一假设。
通过应用荟萃分析技术,在随机研究效应模型的假设下,对耐力训练和力量训练运动员心脏适应性差异的假设进行了验证,该模型纳入了所有已发表的关于从事纯动态(跑步)或静态(举重、力量举、健美、投掷、摔跤)运动以及动态和静态结合运动(自行车和划船)的男性运动员心脏结构和功能的超声心动图数据。该分析涵盖了59项研究和1451名运动员。对照组受试者的总体平均相对左心室壁厚度(0.36毫米)显著小于耐力训练运动员(0.39毫米,P = 0.001)、耐力和力量综合训练运动员(0.40毫米,P = 0.001)或力量训练运动员(0.44毫米,P < 0.001)。三组运动员与对照组受试者在左心室内径(P < 0.001)后壁厚度(P < 0.001)和室间隔厚度(P < 0.001)方面存在显著差异。此外,耐力训练运动员和力量训练运动员在平均相对壁厚度(0.39对0.44,P = 0.006)和室间隔厚度(10.5对11.8毫米,P = 0.005)方面存在显著差异,并且在后壁厚度(10.3对11.0毫米,P = 0.078)和左心室内径(53.7对52.1毫米,P = 0.055)方面呈现出差异趋势。在心脏功能方面,运动员与对照组受试者在左心室射血分数、缩短分数和E/A比值方面没有显著差异。
这项关于运动员心脏的荟萃分析结果证实了动态和静态运动中心脏适应性差异的假设。总体而言,运动员心脏表现出正常的心脏收缩和舒张功能。