耐力运动对自行车运动员心脏的影响：系统评价和荟萃分析。

Impact of endurance exercise on the heart of cyclists: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

机构信息

Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Flora Hill, Australia.

出版信息

Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020 Nov-Dec;63(6):750-761. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.07.004. Epub 2020 Jul 12.

DOI:10.1016/j.pcad.2020.07.004

PMID:32663493

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To compare heart structure and function in endurance athletes relative to participants of other sports and non-athletic controls in units relative to body size. A secondary objective was to assess the association between endurance cycling and cardiac abnormalities.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Five electronic databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Medline, Scopus, and SPORTdiscus) were searched from the earliest record to 14 December 2019 to identify studies investigating cardiovascular structure and function in cyclists. Of the 4865 unique articles identified, 70 met inclusion criteria and of these, 22 articles presented 10 cardiovascular parameters in units relative to body size for meta-analysis and five presented data relating to incidence of cardiac abnormalities. Qualitative analysis was performed on remaining data. The overall quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Odds ratios were calculated to compare the incidence of cardiac abnormality.

RESULTS

Heart structure was significantly larger in cyclists compared to non-athletic controls for left ventricular: mass; end-diastolic volume, interventricular septal diameter and internal diameter; posterior wall thickness, and end-systolic internal diameter. Compared to high static and high dynamic sports (e.g., kayaking and canoeing), low-to-moderate static and moderate-to-high dynamic sports (e.g., running and swimming) and moderate-to-high static and low-to-moderate dynamic sports (e.g., bodybuilding and wrestling), endurance cyclists end-diastolic left ventricular internal diameter was consistently larger (mean difference 1.2-3.2 mm/m). Cardiac abnormalities were higher in cyclists compared to controls (odds ratio: 1.5, 95%CI 1.2-1.8), but the types of cardiac abnormalities in cyclists were not different to other athletes.

CONCLUSION

Endurance cycling is associated with a larger heart relative to body size and an increased incidence of cardiac abnormalities relative to controls.

摘要

目的

比较耐力运动员与其他运动项目参与者和非运动员对照组在与身体大小相关的单位中的心结构和功能。次要目标是评估耐力骑行与心脏异常之间的关联。

患者和方法

从最早的记录到 2019 年 12 月 14 日，我们在五个电子数据库（CINAHL、Cochrane 图书馆、Medline、Scopus 和 SPORTdiscus）中搜索了研究自行车运动员心血管结构和功能的文章。在 4865 篇独特的文章中，有 70 篇符合纳入标准，其中 22 篇文章以与身体大小相关的单位呈现了 10 个心血管参数进行荟萃分析，5 篇文章呈现了与心脏异常发生率相关的数据。对其余数据进行定性分析。使用 GRADE 评估整体证据质量。计算比值比以比较心脏异常的发生率。

结果

与非运动员对照组相比，自行车运动员的心脏结构明显更大，左心室：质量；舒张末期容积、室间隔直径和内径；后壁厚度和收缩末期内径。与高静态和高动态运动（如皮划艇和划独木舟）相比，低到中等静态和中等到高动态运动（如跑步和游泳）和中等到高静态和低到中等动态运动（如健美和摔跤），耐力自行车运动员的舒张末期左心室内径始终更大（平均差异 1.2-3.2mm/m）。与对照组相比，自行车运动员的心脏异常发生率更高（比值比：1.5，95%CI 1.2-1.8），但自行车运动员的心脏异常类型与其他运动员不同。