Teeling E C, Scally M, Kao D J, Romagnoli M L, Springer M S, Stanhope M J
Queen's University of Belfast, Biology and Biochemistry, UK.
Nature. 2000 Jan 13;403(6766):188-92. doi: 10.1038/35003188.
Bats (order Chiroptera) are one of the few orders of mammals that echolocate and the only group with the capacity for powered flight. The order is subdivided into Microchiroptera and Megachiroptera, with an array of characteristics defining each group, including complex laryngeal echolocation systems in microbats and enhanced visual acuity in megabats. The respective monophylies of the two suborders have been tacitly assumed, although microbat monophyly is uncorroborated by molecular data. Here we present a phylogenetic analysis of bat relationships using DNA sequence data from four nuclear genes and three mitochondrial genes (total of 8,230 base pairs), indicating that microbat families in the superfamily Rhinolophoidea are more closely related to megabats than they are to other microbats. This implies that echolocation systems either evolved independently in rhinolophoids and other microbats or were lost in the evolution of megabats. Our data also reject flying lemur (order Dermoptera) as the bat sister group, indicating that presumed shared derived characters for flying lemurs and bats are convergent features that evolved in association with gliding and flight, respectively.
蝙蝠（翼手目）是少数能够进行回声定位的哺乳动物目之一，也是唯一具备动力飞行能力的类群。该目分为小蝙蝠亚目和大蝙蝠亚目，每个类群都有一系列特征，包括小蝙蝠拥有复杂的喉部回声定位系统，大蝙蝠具有敏锐的视力。尽管分子数据并未证实小蝙蝠亚目的单系性，但人们一直默认这两个亚目的各自单系性。在此，我们利用来自四个核基因和三个线粒体基因（共8230个碱基对）的DNA序列数据，对蝙蝠的亲缘关系进行了系统发育分析，结果表明菊头蝠总科中的小蝙蝠科与大蝙蝠的亲缘关系比它们与其他小蝙蝠的亲缘关系更近。这意味着回声定位系统要么在菊头蝠类和其他小蝙蝠中独立进化，要么在大蝙蝠的进化过程中丧失了。我们的数据还排除了鼯猴（皮翼目）作为蝙蝠姐妹群的可能性，表明鼯猴和蝙蝠之间假定的共同衍生特征是分别与滑翔和飞行相关而进化出的趋同特征。
