Sakurai Y, Ochiai M, Funabiki T
Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
Surg Today. 2000;30(1):1-10. doi: 10.1007/PL00010036.
Glucose plays a central role in energy metabolism, and alterations in its utilization have been reported under a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. The extent and direction of its changes provide useful information to promote the understanding of pathophysiology. The regulation of in vivo glucose kinetics is important because it is closely linked to energy production and the control of amino acid and protein metabolism. Although alterations in glucose kinetics have been demonstrated in critically ill patients, the mechanisms responsible are not well understood. The measurement of glucose kinetics in humans using stable isotopic glucose tracers provides a better understanding of the responses to nutritional support in these patients. While tracer methods have been used to quantitatively measure in vivo kinetics in patients with a variety of critical illnesses as well as in normal volunteers during fasting and exercise in European countries and the United States, they have not received the same attention in Japan. Stable isotopic glucose tracers can be safely given to humans since they are themselves naturally occurring substances, accounting for a small percentage of the total, depending on the isotopic species. The intravenous administration of a glucose tracer allows quantitative assessment of in vivo glucose kinetics under a variety of conditions. This method has wide potential for obtaining kinetic data on all aspects of in vivo glucose metabolism, with major advantages for conducting metabolic studies in humans.
葡萄糖在能量代谢中起着核心作用，并且在多种生理和病理条件下其利用情况的改变已有报道。其变化的程度和方向为促进对病理生理学的理解提供了有用信息。体内葡萄糖动力学的调节很重要，因为它与能量产生以及氨基酸和蛋白质代谢的控制密切相关。尽管在危重症患者中已证实葡萄糖动力学存在改变，但其背后的机制尚未完全清楚。使用稳定同位素葡萄糖示踪剂来测量人体的葡萄糖动力学，有助于更好地了解这些患者对营养支持的反应。在欧洲国家和美国，示踪剂方法已被用于定量测量患有各种危重症的患者以及正常志愿者在禁食和运动期间的体内动力学，但在日本它们并未受到同样的关注。稳定同位素葡萄糖示踪剂可以安全地给予人体，因为它们本身是天然存在的物质，根据同位素种类的不同，在总量中占比很小。静脉注射葡萄糖示踪剂能够在各种条件下对体内葡萄糖动力学进行定量评估。该方法在获取体内葡萄糖代谢各个方面的动力学数据方面具有广泛的潜力，对于在人体中进行代谢研究具有重要优势。
