Kim Il-Young, Suh Sang-Hoon, Lee In-Kyu, Wolfe Robert R
Department of Geriatrics, the Center for Translational Research on Aging and Longevity, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Deparatment of Physical Education, College of Sciences in Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Exp Mol Med. 2016 Jan 15;48(1):e203. doi: 10.1038/emm.2015.97.
The human body is in a constant state of turnover, that is, being synthesized, broken down and/or converted to different compounds. The dynamic nature of in vivo kinetics of human metabolism at rest and in stressed conditions such as exercise and pathophysiological conditions such as diabetes and cancer can be quantitatively assessed with stable, nonradioactive isotope tracers in conjunction with gas or liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and modeling. Although measurements of metabolite concentrations have been useful as general indicators of one's health status, critical information on in vivo kinetics of metabolites such as rates of production, appearance or disappearance of metabolites are not provided. Over the past decades, stable, nonradioactive isotope tracers have been used to provide information on dynamics of specific metabolites. Stable isotope tracers can be used in conjunction with molecular and cellular biology tools, thereby providing an in-depth dynamic assessment of metabolic changes, as well as simultaneous investigation of the molecular basis for the observed kinetic responses. In this review, we will introduce basic principles of stable isotope methodology for tracing in vivo kinetics of human or animal metabolism with examples of quantifying certain aspects of in vivo kinetics of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism.
人体处于持续的更新状态，即不断进行合成、分解和/或转化为不同的化合物。在静息状态以及运动等应激条件和糖尿病、癌症等病理生理条件下，人体新陈代谢的体内动力学的动态特性可以通过稳定的非放射性同位素示踪剂结合气相或液相色谱质谱法及建模进行定量评估。尽管代谢物浓度的测量作为一个人健康状况的一般指标很有用，但关于代谢物体内动力学的关键信息，如代谢物的产生速率、出现或消失速率等并未提供。在过去几十年中，稳定的非放射性同位素示踪剂已被用于提供特定代谢物动态的信息。稳定同位素示踪剂可与分子和细胞生物学工具结合使用，从而对代谢变化进行深入的动态评估，并同时研究观察到的动力学反应的分子基础。在这篇综述中，我们将通过量化碳水化合物、脂质和蛋白质代谢体内动力学某些方面的实例，介绍用于追踪人类或动物新陈代谢体内动力学的稳定同位素方法的基本原理。
