Soler T, Calderón C
Department of Sports Orthopedics, National Center of Sports Medicine, C.A.R.I.C.D. Consejo Superior De Deportes, Madrid, Spain.
Am J Sports Med. 2000 Jan-Feb;28(1):57-62. doi: 10.1177/03635465000280012101.
The diagnosis of spondylolysis is a major cause of concern for patients and their families, especially when the patients are young athletes with promising futures in their sports. In this study, 3152 case histories of high-level athletes were evaluated to determine which sports had a higher prevalence of spondylolysis. The overall percentage of spondylolysis among athletes in this study (8.02%) was not very much higher than that among the general population, which varies between 3% and 7%. However, when each sport was considered separately we found much higher values for some sports, with the highest percentages occurring in throwing sports (26.67%), artistic gymnastics (16.96%), and rowing (16.88%). The analysis of the biomechanical movements involved in the sports with greater prevalence of spondylolysis has led us to include the element of torsion against resistance as another possible causative factor for spondylolysis that should be added to the already known causative mechanisms, lumbar hyperextension and rotation. We have divided the sports into three risk groups according to the prevalence of spondylolysis shown and the characteristics of the sample, and we recommend systematic radiological examination of the lumbar spine in athletes considered to be at greater risk of developing spondylolysis.
椎弓根峡部裂的诊断是患者及其家属主要担忧的问题，尤其是当患者是在体育领域有着美好未来的年轻运动员时。在本研究中，对3152名高水平运动员的病历进行了评估，以确定哪些运动中椎弓根峡部裂的患病率较高。本研究中运动员椎弓根峡部裂的总体百分比（8.02%）并不比一般人群的百分比（3%至7%）高很多。然而，当分别考虑每项运动时，我们发现某些运动的百分比要高得多，其中百分比最高的是投掷运动（26.67%）、艺术体操（16.96%）和赛艇（16.88%）。对椎弓根峡部裂患病率较高的运动中涉及的生物力学运动进行分析后，我们将抗阻力扭转因素作为椎弓根峡部裂的另一个可能致病因素纳入其中，这一因素应添加到已知的致病机制——腰椎过度伸展和旋转中。我们根据所显示的椎弓根峡部裂患病率和样本特征将运动分为三个风险组，并建议对被认为发生椎弓根峡部裂风险较高的运动员进行腰椎的系统放射学检查。
